Langston Hughes

Langston Hughes was a poet, playwright, novelist, songwriter, biographer, editor, newspaper columnist, translator and lecturer. He was born on February 1, 1902 in Joplin, Missouri in the family of American Negroes, but lived the first twelve years of his life in Kansas, Colorado, Indiana and New York State.

He graduated from high school in Cleveland, Ohio, where in his senior year he was elected class poet and editor of the yearbook. Hughes traveled to Europe and Africa, and the character of his adventurous, wandering life was reflected in such works as his novel "Not Without Laughter", his short stories, and his autobiography.

Hughes, together with other African-American writers, had formed a group in the Harlem section of New York City for the purpose of exchanging ideas, encouraging one another and sharing in the triumph created by the sudden popularity of their work. As spokesman for the group, Hughes published an article, "The African-American Artist and the Racial Mountain," which called upon his contemporaries to break from their literary heritage and to initiate a new trend in Negro literature. For new black writers, Harlem and its people provided the inspiration for much of their artistic work.

In later years, Hughes became known as the "O. Henry of Harlem" and wrote countless short stories, a number of volumes of poetry, seven novels, and six plays. In his early volumes of poetry, he successfully caught and projected scenes of urban African-American life, and his sketches in verse with their undertones of bitterness, humor, and pathos became also a form of social protest.

His most famous books are: the novels "The Weary Blues" and "Laughter through Tears" and his publicist collection of poems "Panther and Lash" about the life and straggle of American-African Negroes.

In constant demand as a lecturer, Hughes traveled on speaking tours throughout the United States, to the West Indies, and to parts of Europe and Africa, He received many awards and honors for his writings, which have been translated into more than 25 languages.

1. Where did Hughes travel?

a) Australia; b) India; c) Africa.

2. What family was L. Hughes born to?

a) Europeans; b) Negroes; c) Indians.

3. What did he call upon his contemporaries in his article to?

a) to help Negroes in their struggle for equal rights?

b) to initiate a new trend in Negro literature;

c) to express sympathy to the native people.

4. Why was he known as "O'Henry of Harlem"?

a) he was imprisoned as O'Henry;

b) he wrote short stories;

c) he also wrote about robbers and gangsters.

5. In which book did he write about the life and struggle of American Negroes?

a) in poems collection "Panther and Lash";

b) in the poem "The Roads We Take";

c) in the novel "Not Without Laughter".

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Ernest Hemingway (1898-1961) (1955)	\|	Chapter 13

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