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Literature

Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)

Benjamin Franklin, whom the Scottish philoso­pher David Hume called America's "first great man of letters," embodied the Enlightenment ideal of humane rationality. Franklin recorded his early life in his famous Autobiography. Writer, printer, publisher, scien­tist, philanthropist, and diplomat, he was the most famous and respected private figure of his time. He was the first great self-made man in America, a poor democrat born in an aristocratic age that his fine example helped to liberalize. While a youth, Franklin taught himself lan­guages, read widely, and practiced writing for the public. Franklin’s Poor Richard's Almanack, begun in 1732 and published for many years, made Franklin prosperous and well-known throughout the colonies. In this annual book of useful encouragement, advice, and factual information, amusing characters such as old Father Abraham and Poor Richard exhort the reader in pithy, memorable sayings: "God helps them that help themselves." "Early to Bed, and early to rise, makes a Man healthy, wealthy, and wise." "A small leak will sink a great Ship."

He was an important figure at the 1787 convention at which the U.S. Constitution was drafted.

Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-1896)

Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel Uncle Tom's Cabin; or. Life Among the Lowly was the most popular American book of the 19th centu­ry. Its passionate ap­peal for an end to slavery in the United States inflamed the debate that, within a decade, led to the U.S.Civil War (1861-1865).

Reasons for the success of Uncle Tom's Cabin are obvious. It reflect­ed the idea that slavery in the United States was an injustice of colossal proportions.

Stowe herself was a perfect representative of old New England Puritan stock. Stowe conceived the idea of the novel — in a vision of an old, ragged slave being beaten — as she participated in a church ser­vice. Later, she said that the novel was inspired and "written by God."

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