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C. George Bernard Shaw

George Bernard Shaw was born on 26 July 1856, in Dublin, as the son of George Shaw, who was in the wholesale grain trade, and Lucinda Elizabeth Shaw, the daughter of an impoverished landowner. Shaw’s childhood was troubled. His father was a drunkard, which made his son a teetotaler. Shaw went to the Wesleyan Connexional School, then moved to a private school near Dalkey, and then to Dublin’s Central Model School, ending his formal education at the Dublin English Scientific and Commercial Day School. At the age of 15 he started to work as a junior clerk.

In 1876 he went to London, joining his sister and mother. Shaw did not return to Ireland for nearly thirty years. Shaw began his literary career by writing music and theater criticism, and novels, including the semi-autobiographical Immaturity without much success.

In 1884 Shaw joined the Fabian Society, a middle-class socialist group and served on its executive committee from 1855 to 1911. In 1895 Shaw became a drama critic for the Saturday Review. These articles were later collected in ‘Our Theatres In The Nineties’ (1932). Shaw also wrote music, art and drama criticism.

In 1898 Shaw married the wealthy Charlotte Payne-Townshend. They settled in 1906 in the Hertfordshire village of Ayot St. Lawrence. Shaw remained with Charlotte until her death.

Shaw’s early plays including ‘Widower’s Houses’ (1892), which criticized slum landlords were not well received. His ‘unpleasant plays’, ideological attacks on the evils of capitalism and explorations of moral and social problems, were followed with more entertaining but equally principled productions like ‘Candida’ and ‘John Bull’s Other Island’ (1904). ‘Pygmalion’ was originally written for the actress Mrs. Patrick Campbell, and became later the basis for two films and a musical.

George Bernard Shaw was the Irish dramatist, a literary critic, a social spokesman, and a leading figure in the 20^th century theatre. He was a freethinker, a supporter of women’s rights and an advocate of equality of income. In 1925 George Bernard Shaw was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. Shaw accepted the honour but refused the money.

Shaw died at Ayot St. Lawrence, Hertfordshire, on November 2, 1950. During his long career, Shaw wrote over 50 plays.

Notes:

slum landlord — владелец трущоб

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