a-stems may be either masculine or neuter. The difference between the two genders is only seen in the nominative, and accusative plural always had the ending -as. In the neuter substantives, the ending depends on two factors: on the number of syllables and on the quantity (shortness or length) of the root syllable.
а-stems correspond to Russian substantives of the types стол, окно and to Latin 2nd declension substantives of the types hortus ‘garden’, oppidum ‘town’.
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