Denotative approach

This type of translation is characteristic of any text, written or spoken, rather than only for poetry or high-style prose and the denotative approach is an attempt to explain such translation cases.

According todenotative approachthe process of translation is not just mere substitution but consists of the following mental operations:

· translator reads (hears) a message in the source language;

· translator finds a denotatum and concept that correspond to this message;

· translator formulates a message in the target language relevant to the above denotatum and concept.

It should be noted that according tothis approach during translation we deal with similar word forms of the matching languages and concepts deduced from these forms, however, as opposed to the transformational approach, the relationship between the source and target word forms is occasional rather than regular.

To illustrate this difference let us consider the following two examples:

(1) The sea is warm tonight – Сьогодні ввечері море тепле.

(2) Staff only – Службове приміщення.

In the first instance the equivalences are regular and the concept, pertaining to the whole sentence may be divided into those relating to its individual components (words and word combinations): sea – море, tonight – сьогодні ввечері is warm – тепле.

In the second instance, however, equivalence between the original sentence and its translation is occasional (i.e. worth only for this case) and the concept, pertaining to the whole sentence cannot be divided into individual components.

The indivisible nature of the second example may be proved by literal translation of both source and target sentences. These equivalences are hardly regular, they can’t be implied for other instances.

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