A. Vocalic system

1) a tendency towards centralization:

æ, e, ʌ, ı, u, α: → ə e.g. honest /'ɔ:nıst/ → /'ɔ:nəst/

2) monophthongization(smoothing of some diphthongs before vowels):

/ɔə/, /uə/ → /ɔ:/ e.g. player /ple:ə/, going /gɜ:ıŋ/, science /sα:əns/, coward /kα:əd/

Thus, sure, shore, shaw become homophones → /∫ɔ:/

(/uə/ is being progressively eliminated from the RP phoneme inventory)

3) triphthongs aıə, auə → diphthongs → monophthongs: e.g. fire /fα:/, tower /tα:/ (homophones may also appear: tire, tower, tar → /tα:/, fire, far /fα:/)

4) short vowels are lengthened and become more tense (especially in disyllabic words in word final position): e.g. big /bıg/, come /kʌm/, man /mæn/, many /meni/, happy /hæpi/, valley /væli/

5) the fronting of /u:/ (nearer to /i:/) with very little lip-rounding: e.g. food /fu:d/, loose /lu:s/

(the word ‘used’ in ‘I used to’ thus sounds almost like the word ‘yeast’)

B. Consonantal system

1) voicing of /t/ in intervocalic position: e.g. latter, ladder → /'lædə/; British /brıdı∫/

2) /ŋ/ → /n/: e.g. skating /skeıtın/;

3) /l/ → /ł/: e.g. will you /'wıł ju:/;

4) glottalization (the growth in the use of glottal stop /ʔ/ either as a replacement for /t/ in word medial position and at word junction or before /p, t, k, t∫/ or even vowels – it produces a “clipped” effect on the foreigner): e.g. seatbelt /'si:ʔ'belt/, Gathwick /'gæʔwık/ Airport, not quite /nɔʔ 'kwaıt/; quite nice /kwaıʔ 'naıs/, hats /hæʔs/, accent /æʔksənt/, butcher /buʔt∫ə/, not only /nɔʔ 'əunlı/, but also /bʌʔ 'ɔ:lsəu/

5) palatalization of final /k/: e.g. quick /kwık’/

6) the use of “intrusive” /r/: e.g. Asia(r) and America;

7) the plosion between occlusive stops (“loss” of loss of plosion): e.g. sit down /sıt^hdown/;

8) /h/-elision in word initial position: e.g. Let (h)im do this;

9) strong tendency towards devoicing;

10) vocalization of /ł/ into /o/ in some positions: e.g. milk /mıok/, theatricals /θi:ætrıkəoz/

11) merging /j/ with the preceding consonant /t/ or /d/, turning them into affricates (t+j → /t∫/; d+j → /dƷ/): e.g. actual /t∫/; reduce /dƷ/.

To this list P. Trudgill also adds

- the fronting of /əu/: e.g. goat;

- the lowering of /æ/: e.g. trap;

- the use of intrusive /r/: e.g. the idea(r) of it.

All these changes make people believe that a new standard accent has established itself.

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