Irish English

Hiberno-English – also known as Irish English

Hiberno-English retains many phonemic differentiations.

- With some local exceptions, /r/ occurs postvocally, making most Hiberno-English dialects rhotic

- /t/ is not usually pronounced as a plosive where it does not occur word-initially; instead, it is pronounced as a slit fricative

- The distinction between w /w/ and wh /hw/, as in wine vs. whine, is preserved.

-/ɒː/ and /o/ in horse and hoarse is preserved, though not usually in Dublin or Belfast.

- A distinction between [ɛɹ]-[ʌɹ]-[ʌɹ] in herd-bird-curd may be found.

- /l/ is never velarised

- The /aɪ/ in "night" may be pronounced in a wide variety of ways, e.g. [əɪ], [ɔɪ], [ʌɪ] and [ɑɪ], the latter two being the most common in middle class speech, the former two, in popular speech.

- The /ɔɪ/ in "boy" may be pronounced [ɑːɪ] (i.e. the vowel of thought plus a y) in conservative accents

- In some varieties, speakers make no distinction between the [ʌ] in putt and the [ʊ] in put, pronouncing both as the latter

- Any and many are pronounced to rhyme with nanny, Danny by very many speakers, i.e. with /a/

- /eɪ/ often becomes /ɛ/ in words such as gave and came (becoming "gev" and "kem")

- /dj/ becomes /dʒ/, e.g. dew/due, duke and duty sound like "Jew", "jook" and "jooty".

/tj/ becomes /tʃ/, e.g. tube is "choob", tune is "choon"

/nj/ becomes /n/, e.g. new becomes "noo"

The following show neither dropping nor coalescence:

+ /kj/; + /hj/; + /mj/ Dublin English

As with London and New York, Dublin has a number of dialects which differ significantly based on class and age group. These are roughly divided into three categories: "local Dublin", or the broad-working class dialect (sometimes referred to as the "working-class", "inner-Dublin" or "knacker" accent); "mainstream Dublin", the typical accent spoken by middle-class or suburban speakers; and "new Dublin", an accent among younger people (born after 1970).

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