II. Intonation in Different Communicative Types of Sentences

1. Statements:

§ final, categorical, calm and reserved statements are usually pronounced with Low Fall, e.g.: Whose book is this? – It’s mine.

§ Non- categorical, non-final, encouraging further conversation are pronounced with Low Rise, e.g.: Have you heard about Max? – No.

§ in statements expressing concern, reproach, contradiction, heart feelings Fall Rise is used, e.g.: I don’t think so.

2. Questions:

§ General questions are pronounced with a Low Rise, e.g.: ‘Is he busy?

§ Special questions:

1) calm, serious, flat – Low Fall, e.g.: ‘What’s the matter?

2) expressing friendly interest, wonder – Low Rise, e.g.: ‘What’s new with the baby?

§ Alternative questions are pronounced with Low Rise in the first sense-group and with a Low Fall in the final sense-group, e.g.: Do you speak English │or German?

§ Disjunctive questions – the first sense-group is characterized with a Low Fall, the Low Rise of the final sense-group shows that an answer is expected, e.g.: It’s a new one│ isn’t it?

When you know that the answer is positive Low Fall is used in the final sense-group, e.g.:

You are good at English│ are you?

§ Echo questions are pronounced with Low Rise, e.g.: This is a beautiful star. –Is it?

§ Imperative sentences and commands:

a) in imperative calm, serious, unemotional a Low Fall is used: E.g.: ‘Go to school.

b) in warnings Low Rise is used: E.g.: Be careful.

c) In commands, urgent warnings Fall Rise is used: E.g.: Hurry, Peter.

§ Exclamations:

a) In calm, unsurprised exclamations Low Fall is used: E.g.: Nice.

b) In exclamations showing judgment, expressing calm, casual acknowledgement Low Rise is used, e.g.: Here is your change. – Thank you.

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