Bookish Style

· scientific

· official documents

· publicist (newspaper)

· oratorical

· poetic

The inclusion of neutral style in this classification seems rather odd since unlike the others it's non-existent in individual use and should probably be associated only with the structure of the language.

One type of sublanguages suggested by Arnold in her classification— publicist or newspaper—fell under the criticism of Skrebnev who argues that the diversity of genres in newspapers is evident to any human. Of course Arnold is quite aware of the diversity of newspaper writings. However what she really means is the newspaper material specific of the newspaper only: political news, police reports, press reviews, editorials.

Arnold also suggests a table of functional styles as a sort of hierarchy:

Function Style	Commu- nicative	Prag- matic	emotive	phatic	aesthetic
oratorical	+	+	+	+	+
colloquial	+	+	+	+	-
poetic	+	-	+	-	+
Publicist	+	+	+	-	-
official	+	+	-	-	-
scientific	+	-	-	-	-

The modern approach to functional styles can be observed in Morokhovsky classification:

1. Official business style

2. Scientific-professional style

3. Publicist style

4. Literary colloquial style

5. Familiar colloquial style

Each style, according to Morokhovsky, has a combination of distinctive features. Among them we find oppositions like 'artistic— non-artistic', 'presence of personality—absence of it', 'formal— informal situation', 'equal— unequal social status'.

The famous British linguist D. Crystalsuggests the following subdivision of the styles: regional, social, occupational, restricted and individual.

Regional varieties reflect the geographical origin of the language used by the speaker (EX: Canadian English, Cockney, etc.)

Social variations testify to the speaker’s family, education, social status background (EX: upper class and non-upper class, a political activist, etc.

Occupational styles is quite a big group that includes:

- Religious English

- Scientific English

- Legal English

- Plain (official) English

- Political English

- News media English further subdivided into:

· newsreporting

· journalistics

· broadcasting

· sportscommentary

· advertising

Restricted English appears both in domestic and occupational spheres:

· Knitwrite in books on knitting

· Cookwrite in recipe books

· Congratulatory messagrs

· Newspaper announcements

· Newspaper headlines

· Sportscasting scores

· Airspeak, the language of air traffic control

· Emergencyspeak, the language of emergency services

· E-mail variety, etc.

Individual variation arises from the speaker’s personal differences meaning such features as interests, physique, personality, experience.

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