The Theory of Stylistic Devices: Different approaches.

Expressive means of the language - are those linguistic forms and properties that have the potential to make the utterance emphatic or expressive (T.A.Znamenskaya). They can be found at all levels: phonetic, graphical, morphological, lexical and syntactical.

E.M. – devices serving to strengthen communicative effects of speech (text), as opposed to image-creating means (tropes, simile) (Y.M.Skrebnev).

Having much in common, expressive means and stylistic devices are not synonymous: all stylistic devices belong to expressive means, but not all expressive means are stylistic devices. EX. 1) Phonetic phenomena (pauses, logical stress) or staccato pronunciation are expressive without being stylistic devices. 2) Morphological forms (diminutive suffixes: girlie, piggy, doggy, etc.) 3) Lexical expressive means (intensifiers: awfully, terribly, absolutely, etc.) 4) Syntactical patterns: I do know you!

A stylistic device – is a literary model (prof. I.R.Galperin calls it a generative model) in which semantic and structural features are blended so that it represents a generalized pattern (T.A.Znamenskaya).

S.D. - is choice or arrangement of units to achieve expressive or image-creating effect (Y.M.Skrebnev).

This first theory of style included 3 subdivisions:

· the choice of words: lexical expressive means such as foreign words, archaisms, neologisms, poetic words, nonce words and metaphor;

· word combinations: word order, word combinability, rhythm and period (a complete sentence)

· figures of speech: antithesis, assonance of colons, equality of colons.

1. The choice of words included lexical expressive means such as foreign words, archaisms, neologisms, poetic words, nonce words and metaphor.

2. Word combinations involved 3 things:

a) order of words;

b) word-combinations;

c) rhythm and period (in rhetoric, a complete sentence).

3. Figures of speech. This part included only 3 devices used by the
antique authors always in the same order.

a) antithesis;

b) assonance of colons;

c) equality of colons.

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