Hellenistic Roman rhetoric system

Tropes:

Trope – is a figure of speech based on some kind of transfer of denomination.

1. Metaphor—the application of a word (phrase) to an object (concept) it doesn't literally denote to suggest comparison with another object or concept. EX. A mighty Fortress is our God.

2. Puzzle (Riddle)—a statement that requires thinking over a confusing or difficult problem that needs to be solved. EX. What should we do to solve our problem?

3. Synecdoche—the mention of a part for the whole. EX. A fleet of 50 sail, (a ship)

4. Metonymy—substitution of one word for another on the basis of real connection. EX. Crown for sovereign; Homer for Homer's poems; wealth for rich people.

5. Catachresis — misuse of a word due to the false folk etymology or wrong application of a term in a sense that does not belong to the word. EX. Alibi for excuse; mental for weak-minded; mutual for common; disinterested for uninterested.

6. Epithet — a word or phrase used to describe someone or something with a purpose to praise or blame. EX. It was a lovely, summery evening.

7. Periphrasis — putting things in a round about way in order to bring out some important feature or explain more clearly the idea or situation described. EX. I paid him twenty rupees a month, about thirty bob, at which he was highly delighted.

8. Hyperbole—use of exaggerated terms for emphasis. EX. A 1000 apologies; to wait an eternity; he is stronger than a lion.

9. Antonomasia—use of a proper name to express a general idea or conversely a common name for a proper one. EX. The Iron Lady; a Solomon; Don Juan.

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