Brief History

1200s—Manual Calculating Devices
1600s—Mechanical Calculators
1800s—Punched Cards
1940s—Vacuum Tubes
1950s—Transistors
1960s—Integrated Circuits (IC)
1970s to Present—Microprocessor
Pace of Advancement

As commerce developed in earlier societies, people began to realize the need for a bookkeeping system to enable them to add, subtract, and record simple transactions. To facilitate the bookkeeping process, counting devices were developed. At first, people used fingers, stones, and sticks to count. Later on, mechanical calculators emerged, but they were slow and bulky. When electricity was discovered, electronic components replaced the bulky mechanical parts and enabled smaller, faster computing devices. Computers are continually evolving towards faster computations, increased storage capacity, and smaller size, while maintaining their affordability.

With advancements in computing devices, the uses of computers have gone beyond the scope of commerce and they are integral to many aspects of our lives. Purchases are processed through computers. Products are designed using computers. Movies are made with computer simulations. The growth of the computing industry is driven by the numerous ways computing technology can be applied in areas such as commerce, communications, banking, and education. In the next section, we will discuss how computer technology can be used.

We will begin our discussion on how computers developed by examining periods in time characterized by its pioneering research to bring computing to solve data-intensive or compute-intensive problems. You will see how computing methods advanced to where we are today.

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