Channels

The communication channelis the medium through which the message passes. Communication rarely takes place over only one channel; you may use two, three, or four different channels simultaneously. For example, in face-to-face interactions you speak and listen (vocal channel), but you also gesture and receive signals visually (visual channel). In chat groups you type and read words and use various symbols and abbreviations to communicate the emotional tone of the message. If your computer system is especially sophisticated, you may communicate via the Internet through audio and visual means as well. In addition, in face-to-face communication you emit and detect odors (olfactory channel). Often you touch another person, and this too communicates (tactile channel).

At times, one or more channels may be damaged. For example, in blind individuals the visual channel is impaired, and so adjustments have to be made.

Noise

Noiseis any interference or barrier to communication – anything that distorts the message, anything that prevents the receiver from receiving the message fully. At one extreme, noise may prevent a message from getting from source to receiver at all. A roaring noise or line static can block entire phone messages. At the other extreme, with virtually no noise interference, the message sent and the message received are almost identical. Most often, however, noise distorts some portion of the message a source sends as it travels to a receiver. Noise may be physical (others talking loudly, cars honking, illegible handwriting, "garbage" on your computer screen), physiological (hearing or visual impairment, articulation disorders), psychological (preconceived ideas, wandering thoughts), or semantic (misunderstood meanings).

Because messages may be visual as well as spoken, noise too may be visual. Thus, sunglasses that prevent someone from seeing the nonverbal messages from your eyes would be considered noise, as would blurred type on a printed page.

All communications contain noise. Noise cannot be totally eliminated, but its effects can be reduced. Making your language more precise, sharpening your skills for sending and receiving nonverbal messages, and improving your listening and feedback skills are some ways to combat the influence of noise.

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