Periphrasis

Periphrasis is a very peculiar SD which basically consists of using a roundabout form of expression instead of a simple one, i.e. of using a more or less complicated syntactical structure instead of a word. Depending on the mechanism of this substitution, periphrases are classified into figurative(metonymic and metaphoric) and logical.The first group is made of phrase-metonymies and phrase-metaphors." The hospital was crowded with the surgically interesting products of the fighting in Africa". In this sentence the extended metonymy stands for "the wounded" Logical periphrases are phrases synonymic with the words which were substituted by periphrases: Mr. Du Pont was dressed in the conventional disguise with which Brooks Brothers cover the shame of American millionaires."

Here "the conventional disguise" stands for the suit and "the shame of American millionaires" - for the paunch (the belly) (V. A. Kukharenko)

At the same time periphrasis, like simile, has a certain cognitive function inasmuch as it deepens our knowledge of the phenomenon described. The essence of the device is that it is decipherable only in context.

Euphemism

Euphemism- от греч. ("говорю вежливо"). There is a variety of periphrasis which is called euphemistic. Euphemism, as is known, is a word or phrase used to replace an unpleasant word or expression by a conventionally more acceptable one, for example, the word 'to die¹ has bred the following euphemisms: to expire, to pass away, to expire, to be no more, to depart, to join the majority, to be gone and the more facetious ones: to kick the bucket, to give up the ghost, to go west. So euphemisms are synonyms which aim at producing a deliberately mild effect.

The linguistic peculiarity of euphemism lies in the fact that every euphemism must call up a definite synonym in the mind of the reader or listener. Euphemisms may be divided into several groups according to their spheres of application. The most recognized are the following: l)religious, 2) moral, 3) medical, and 4) parliamentary

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