FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF GRAMMAR.

Furthermore, understanding that paragraph from A Clockwork Orange means understanding (at least at some level) and using all the fundamental concepts of grammar: categories, constituency, and metafunctions. The concept of category allows us to recognize that several of the unfamiliar words belong to the word category 'noun.' Another concept, constituency, allows us to recognize that several unusual sequences of words in the first paragraph (such as Bog And All His Holy Angels And Saints or Korova Milkbar) must be single units, despite the fact that they are odd sequences of words. Finally, through a concept of metafunction, we are able to recognize several additional facts about that paragraph: even though the words are unusual for English, the sentences are statements (rather than question or commands); moreover, the 'theme' of paragraph is largely about Alex's perceptions about milkbars, particularly the Korova Milkbar.

While speaking about such fundamental concepts of grammar as categories and constituency, one have to distinguish between syntagmatic and paradigmatic types of relations of all lingual units. Units of language are divided into segmentaland supra-segmental. Segmental units consist of phonemes, they form phonemic strings of various status (syllables, morphemes, words, etc.). Suprasegmental units do not exist by themselves, but are realized together with segmental units and express different modificational meanings (functions) whaich are reflected on the strings of segmental units. To the supra-segmental units belog intonations, accents, pauses, patterns of word-order. Syntagmatic relations are immediate linear relations between units in a segmental sequence (string). Morpemes, words, phrases, clauses, and sentences constitute what is called the grammatical hierarchy. We can represent this schematically as follows:

sentences
consist of one or more...

clauses
consist of one or more...

phrases
consist of one or more...

Words

consist of one or more...

Не знайшли потрібну інформацію? Скористайтесь пошуком google:

Генерація сторінки за: 0.003 сек.