Structural types of words.

There-are following structural types of English words:

1. Root words (simple words) which have only a root morpheme in its structure. This type is widely represented by a great number of words belonging to the original English stock or to earlier borrowings (house, room, book, work, port, street, table, etc) and in Modern English has been greatly enlarged by the type of word-building called conversion, For example, to hand, v. formed from the noun hand; to pale from pale, etc.

2. Derived words which consist of a root and an affix (or several affixes). They are extremely numerous in the English vocabulary and produced by the process of word-building known as affixation (or derivation).

3. Compounds consist of two or more stems (a part of the word consisting of a root and an affix, e.g. dining-room, bluebell, mother - in - law, good-for-nothing. Words of this structural type are produced by the word-building process called composition.

4. Shortenings (contractions or curtailed) are produced by shortening (contraction), e.g. flu, pram, lab, H-bomb, etc.

LECTURE№5 WORD-FORMATION IN MODERN ENGLISH

1. Productive ways of word-building:

1.1. Affixation

1.2. Conversion

1.3. Substantiation

1.4. . Compounding (Composition)

1.5. Shortening . .

1.6. Phrasal Verbs

2. Semi-productive ways of word-formation.

3. Non-productive ways of word-building

Productive ways of word-building

Word-formation is the process of creating new words from the material available in the word-stock according to certain structural and semantic patterns specific for the given language. There are different ways of word-formation in Modern English. Some of them are highly-productive. They are: affixation, conversion and similar phenomena (e.g. substantiation), compounding, shortening, formation of phrasal verbs). Others are semi-productive (back-formation, blending, reduplication, lexical ization of the plural of nouns, sound imitation) and non-productive ways of word-building (sound interchange, change of stress).

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