Regional varieties of British English. The Northern accent.

The Northern regional type of English pronunciation is characterized by features that are common to all the dialects used in the northern part of England.

The main distinctions of the Northern type of English pronunciation, as opposed to RP, are as follows:

(a) /»/ is more open and more retracted back, as in /a/ <e.g."back","bgd").

(b) /a:/ is fronted compared with RP /a:/and it approximates to /»/ in words which do not contain "r" in spelling {e.g. "glass", "laugh","after"),

'Standard English' here is the accepted form of English and implies its vocabulary and syntax rather than pronunciation and enunciation.

but there occurs I a:l in "harm", "cart", etc. Therefore in Northern English there remains a distinction between "ham" and "harm", or ''pat" and "part".

(c) l~wl fs used instead of/a/ (e.g. "cup", "love", "much"), so there is no distinction between words like "could" and "cud", "put" and "putt".

(d) lov I is pronounced as a monophthongal /o:/ (e.g. "go", "home").

(e) lei or /e:/ are pronounced instead of /ei/ (e.g. "may", "say", "take").

(f) /Da / is widely used, so they distinguish words tike "pore" and "paw''

(g) All tones are drawled and speech is generally slower than in Southern English. The Low Rising Tone is used much oftener than in RP. For example, "Lancashire is the most thickly populated county in England" sounds like [,1a 7jkajr ri z mo:st fiikli ^lpppjvtetid'kavnti tn iTjgland]. All that tends to g ive a sing—song quality to speech.

42. The Scottish type of English Pronunciation

is also based on the dialects spoken in Scotland which vary among themselves in some respects. Their common features, which distinguish the Scottish type of pronunciation from RP, are as follows:

(a) I 3:1 is not used in the Scottish type of pronunciation, instead of RP /3:/ they use the sequences /ir/. lerl or Mr/ (e.g. "bird" /bird/ "heard /herd/, "word" /w ard/. Similarly monophthongs are used instead of diphthongs in "beard", "there", "pure", "poor", "sure", etc.

(b)/u/ is used instead of /av/ (e.g. "down" /dun/).

(c) The Scottish pronunciation does not distinguish between /ae / and / a :/; words like "bad", "path", "grass", "dance", "half", "part" are pronounced with /as/, /a/ or /a/.

(d) All vowels are short. There is no distinction in the length of the vowels in words like "pull" and "pool" , "cot" and "caught", with the exception that the vowel in inflected words is not as short as the vowel in non—inflected words ("road" - "rowed", "greed" - "agreed")

(e) Irl is an alveolar flap not only between and before vowels, as in "hurry" and "brown", but also after vowels, as in "word", "born".

(f) A voiceless labiovelar fricative 1^1 is used to distinguish between "which" and "witch", "whine" and "wine".

(g) In the Scottish type of pronunciation there appears a backlingual fricative Ixl, which resembles the corresponding Russian sound (e.g. "loch").

There are certain peculiarities in the intonation of the Scottish type of English pronunciation, such as

(a) Special Questions may end with a high level tone after a fall on the interrogative word, e.g.

RP 'Who's'having the^vgrape fruit?

Scot. ^NWho's₍having the'grape fruit? [89, p. 262]

(b)A final vocative does not necessarily continue the tune of the General Questions.

Не знайшли потрібну інформацію? Скористайтесь пошуком google:

Генерація сторінки за: 0.004 сек.