Archaic Forms of the Auxiliaries

The forms given in the tables above are those of modern standard English. One may also come across archaic forms, mainly in poetry or texts where an archaic effect is intended.

Forms	Grammatical characteristics	Verbs
dost [dʌSt], [dǝst]	Present indefinite, 2nd person singular	to do
doth, doeth [dʌθ], ][dǝθ]	Present indefinite, 3rd person singular
didst [dɪdst]	Past indefinite, 2nd person singular
art [a:t], [ǝt]	Present indefinite, 2nd person singular	to be
wast [wɔst], [wǝst], wert [wǝ:t], [wǝt]	Past indefinite, 2nd person singular
hast [hæst], [hǝst], \|ǝst], [st]	Present indefinite, 2nd person singular	to have
hath [hæθ], [hǝθ], [ǝθ]	Present indefinite, 3rd person singular
hadst [hædst], [hǝdst], [ǝdst]	Past indefinite, 2nd person singular
shall [∫ælt], [∫ǝlt], [∫lt]	Present indefinite, 2nd person singular	shall
shouldst, shouldest [∫udst]	Past indefinite, 2nd person singular
wilt [wɪlt], [ǝlt], [ɪt]	Present indefinite, 2nd person singular	will
wouldst, wouldest [wudst]	Past indefinite, 2nd person singular

Table of tense - aspect - perfect forms of the verb “to translate” in the Indicative mood (3d person singular)
Time Reference	Aspect	Non-perfect	Perfect
Present	Common	He works	He has worked
Continuous	He is working	He has been working
Past	Common	He worked	He had worked
Continuous	He was working	He had been working
Future	Common	He will work	He will have worked
Continuous	He will be working	He will have been working
Future in the past	Common	He would work	He would have worked
Continuous	He would be working	He would have been working

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