Do any of these measures really hurt the Russian economy?
Rosneft boss Igor Sechin (right) is a close associate of President Putin
The sanctions send a strong signal to Mr Putin and his powerful allies in business and politics.
The banks and energy companies listed will find it harder to access US and EU capital markets.
And the Western travel bans may hurt Mr Putin's rich and well-connected friends, though the asset freezes may affect them less. London is a popular haunt for Russia's business elite, many of whom have bought expensive properties in Britain.
The EU does much more business with Russia than the US does.
Observers say the sanctions are potentially grim for a Russian economy that has slumped this year. After years when Russia was buoyed by oil income the economy is now facing weaker direct investment and soaring capital flight.
Capital worth $75bn (£44bn) has left Russia so far this year - a much higher rate of haemorrhage than last year.
Russia is teetering on the brink of recession.The economy grew just 1.3% last year and did not grow at all between April and June.
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