Lecture № 4-6. ORGANIZATION CYTOPLASM

1. Organization of biological membranes, the structure of the cell wall.

2. Chemical composition hyaloplasm.

Structural components of cells

The three main components of the cell are: nucleus, cytoplasm and cell membrane surrounding them - plasmolemma. Cytoplasm (cytoplasma) cells includes hyaloplasm found in her cell binding components - organelles, as well as various non-permanent structures - inclusion.

Hyaloplasm (from the Greek. Hyalinos - Transparent) - the main plasma, or matrix of the cytoplasm, is a very important part of the cell, its true inner environment.

Hyaloplasma complex colloidal system which includes a variety of biopolymers such as proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides. This system is able to pass from zoleobraznogo (liquid) state and back to gel. In the ordered multicomponent system hyaloplasm individual zones can change their state of aggregation depending on the conditions or the functional tasks; in hyaloplasm may arise and break up the various complexes of protein molecules. The structure consists mainly hyaloplasm various globular proteins. They comprise 20-25% of the total protein in a eukaryotic cell. The most important enzymes are enzymes hyaloplasm metabolism of sugars, nitrogenous bases, amino acids, lipids, and other important compounds. In hyaloplasm located enzymes activating amino acids during protein synthesis, transport (transfer) RNA (tRNA). In hyaloplasm involving ribosomes and polyribosomes (policy) is a synthesis of proteins required for proper cell needs to maintain and ensure the life of the cell.

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