• Гідрологія і Гідрометрія
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• Товарознавство продовольчих товарів

Bringing the Charge

Criminal charges are instituted against an individual in one of two ways: 1) Through an indictment, or true bill, voted by a grand jury, or 2) Through the filing of an information in court by the prosecuting attorney (sometimes called the county, district or state's attorney), alleging the commissic of a crime.

In either case, the charge must set forth the time, date and place of the alleged criminal act as well as the nature of the charge. In most cases, crimes of a serious nature, such as murder or treason, may charged by indictment only. In some states, the prosecutor has the option in a case to proceed by way of indictment or information.

Arrest Procedure

When an indictment is returned by a grand jury, or an information is filed by the prosecuting attorney, the clerk of the court issues a warrant for the arrest of the person charged, if he has not already been arrested and taken into custody.

The law usually requires in a felony case (generally, a crime for which a person may be confined in the penitentiary) that the defendant must promptly be brought before a magistrate of justice of the peace (in federal cases, the U.S. Commissioned and be permitted to post bond, in order to secure release from custody, and either request or waive a preliminary hearing. When the grand jury indicts, there is no preliminary hearing. In most states, however, persons charged with murder are not eligible for release on a ball bond.

Many jurisdictions permit law enforcement officials to hold a person without formal charge up to 24 hours for the purpose of investigation. But he may not be held for an unreasonable time unless a criminal charge is filed. In addition, the defendant formally charged with a crime is entitled to an attorney at all times. If he is unable to procure an attorney and if he requests counsel, the court will appoint an attorney to represent him, at public expense and without cost to him.

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