Practising Lawyer

In the English legal system a practising lawyer must hold one of two professional qualifications; s/he must either have been admitted to practise as a solicitor or have been called to the Bar as a barrister. This division of the legal profession is of long standing and each branch has its own characteristic functions as well as a separate governing body and professional rules.

The barrister is usually thought of primarily as an advocate, since this is the work in which s/he is most often engaged. Until 1990, s/he had the virtually exclusive right of audience as an advocate before all the superior courts, and s/he can also appear in the inferior courts. When acting professionally, barristers are known as "counsel". In total there were, in 1991, 6, 901 banisters in practice, a number which is just about small enough to make this branch of the profession a closely-knit unit. This point is significant, bearing in mind that the senior judges in the English legal system have; until now, been drawn exclusively from the ranks of experienced counsel.

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Organization of the Federal Government

The President of the United States is chosen in a national election for a four- year term of office, and may be re-elected for a second term He must be a native-bora citizen at least 35 years old. His salary is $200,000 a year, and he also gets an extra $50,000 for expenses; but he must pay a federal income tax on the whole amount. He gets an added $40,000 tax-free, for travel and entertaining, and is provided a home — the White House.

As a head of the Executive Branch, his duty is to carry out government programs and enforce the laws. He recommends many laws to the Congress and requires money for Federal Government operations. If he refuses to sign a bill passed by the Congress, a two-thirds vote of both houses is needed to overrule his veto and make the bill a law. The President appoints the federal judges, ambassadors, and hundreds of government officials. He is aided by an elected Vice President.

Under the U.S. Constitution a sitting President may be removed from office by an impeachment process whereby the House of Representatives, upon sufficient evidence, brings a "bill of impeachment" voted for by two-thirds of its membership. Next comes a trial in the Senate, with the Chief Justice of the United States acting as the judge and the Senators as the jury.

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