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Assumptions

Family systems model

The family systems model assumes that psychological problems are maintained by patterns of interaction and belief systems within the family and the wider social system of the patient. Historical, contextual and constitutional factors may predispose family members to engage in these interaction patterns and adopt these belief systems. The many family therapy schools within this tradition may be classified in terms of their central focus of therapeutic concern and in particular with respect to their emphasis on:

1) problem-maintaining behavior patterns;

2) problematic and constraining belief systems;

3) historical, contextual and constitutional predisposing factors.

With respect to the first theme, some family therapy schools underline the role of cyclic patterns of family interaction in the maintenance of problem behavior, and advocate practices which aim to interrupt these patterns of interaction. Schools that fall into this category include strategic therapy (Madanes, 1991); structural therapy (Colapinto,1991); and functional family therapy (Barton and Alexander, 1981).

With respect to the second theme, some schools of family therapy point to the centrality of belief systems and narratives which subserve repetitive interaction patterns that maintain presenting problems. Practices that make possible the appearance of new belief-systems and narratives which liberate family members from problem-maintaining interaction patterns are espoused by these schools. Schools that fall into this category include the Milan school (Campbell et al., 1991); solution-focused family therapy (Wetchler,1996); and narrative therapy (Freedman and Combs, 1996).

With respect to the third theme, a number of family therapy traditions underline the role of historical, contextual and constitutional factors in predisposing family members to adopt particular belief systems and engage in particular problematic interaction patterns. Such schools advocate using practices that specifically address these historical, contextual and constitutional predisposing factors, including working with members of the complete family and wider social network as well as coaching individuals to manage historical, contextual and constitutional constraints. This category contains transgenerational family therapy (Friedman, 1991); psychoanalytic family therapy traditions (Scharff, 1995); experiential family therapy (Wetchler and Piercy, 1996); multisystemic consultation, which includes reference to the wider system (Henggeler et al., 1998), and psychoeducational approaches (McFarlane, 1991).

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