INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

1. Read and translate the text:

Internal combustion is process of the burning of fuel within the engine. The fuel burns within the engine and provides forces. These forces provide the engine power. Internal combustion engines have stationary, rotary and reciprocating parts.

Stationary Engine Parts. The stationary engine parts are the cylinder block, the crankcase and the cylinder head. The cylinder block is one of the basic parts of the engine. The process of combustion takes place within the cylinders. Tractor engines have some cylinders. The crankcase is a part of the cylinder. It supports the crankshaft and the camshaft and keeps the lubricating oil near the engine parts. The cylinder heads close the cylinders .The cylinders and the cylinder heads form the combustion chambers. The burning of fuel takes place within the combustion chambers.

Rotary Engine Parts. Rotary engine parts are the crankshaft, the flywheel and the camshaft. The crankshaft changes reciprocating motion of pistons to rotary motion. The camshaft opens the valves of the engine.

2. Fill in the gaps with the given suitable words (cylinder head, camshaft, burning, crankcase, crankshaft, cylinder block):

1. The… changes reciprocating motion of pistons to rotary motion. 2. The … opens the valves of the engine. 3. The … is one of the basic parts of the engine. 4. The cylinder and the … form the combustion chamber. 5. The … keeps the lubricating oil near the engine parts. 6. The … of fuel takes place within the combustion chambers.

3. Make up sentences with the words and translate into English:

Within, burns, the fuel, the cylinder. 2. Of , changes, reciprocating, the crankshaft, the motion, pistons. 3. The crankcase, is, of, a part, the engine. 4. Study, we, engine. 5. Takes place, the combustion, chamber, in, burning, the process, of.

4. Put the marked words in plural and make the changes. Translate into Ukrainian:

a) 1. Crankshaftschange motion. 2. Crankcases support crankshafts. 3. These forces provide power. 4. These are engine parts. 5. The pistonsmove within the cylinders. 6. They studythe internal combustion engine.

b) Put the general question to the sentences 1-4.

c) Put the question to the distinguished words in the sentences 5-6.

5. Answer the questions:

1. What process takes place in internal combustion engine? 2. What does the burning of fuel provide? 3. What are the basic parts of the internal combustion engine? 4. What are stationary engine parts? 5. What does the crankcase support? 6. What is the function of the cylinder heads? 7. What do cylinders and cylinder heads form? 8. Where does the burning of fuel take place? 9. What are the rotary engine parts? 10. What is the function of the crankshaft? 11. What does the camshaft open?

UNIT 5

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