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REPORTING DIRECT SPEECH

To add (ironically, merrily, politely, sadly)

To advise sb

To agree with sb

To disagree with sb

To answer sb

To reply to sb

To seem to sb

To comment on sth

To contradict sb

To beg sb

To apologize to sb for sth

To prove to sb

To announce sth

To refuse sth

To confess (to) sth

To consult sb

To doubt sth

To mention sb/sth

To remark

To remind

To wonder

To suggest that (should/subj)

To invite

To interfere in sth

To accuse sb of sth

WAYS OF SPEAKING

The verbs given below can be used either to describe a person's manner of speaking or as alternatives for the word said. The word said does not tell us anything about the mood of the speaker, and there are many occasions when some other word conveys a clearer picture to the reader's mind. It must not be imagined that said is a word to be avoided; but it should not be overworked.

Amusement. Chuckled, giggled, jested, joked, laughed, sniggered, tittered.

Anger and ill temper. Barked, bawled, bellowed, chided, complained, groused, growled, grumbled, grunted, rapped out, roared, screeched, snapped, snarled, sneered, snorted, stormed, thundered.

Argument and discussion. Admitted, affirmed, agreed, alleged, argued, as­serted, claimed, conceded, concurred, confessed, contended, contradicted, declaimed, declared, demanded, granted, interjected, interrupted, main­tained, objected, persisted, protested, quibbled, reasoned, reiterated, rejoined, repeated, retorted, stated, urged, ventured, vowed.

Command. Commanded, decreed, demanded, dictated, directed, insist­ed, ordered.

Distress. Blubbered, cried, groaned, howled, lamented, moaned, sighed, sniveled, sobbed, wailed, wept, whimpered, whined.

Exclamation. Blurted out, called, ejaculated, exclaimed, screamed, shouted, shrieked, squealed, yelled.

General conversation. Added, announced, answered, began, boasted, bragged, chimed in, commented, concluded, confided, continued, echoed, explained, hinted, interposed, joined in, observed, promised, proposed, quoted, remarked, replied, rejoined, reported, resumed, suggested, volunteered, went on.

Indistinct and imperfect speech. Croaked, drawled, faltered, gabbled, jab­bed, lisped, mumbled, murmured, muttered, spluttered, stammered, stut­tered, whispered.

Inquiry and request. Appealed, asked, begged, cajoled, entreated, implore^ inquired, pleaded, questioned, requested.

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