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• Товарознавство продовольчих товарів

MULTINATIONAL SOCIETIES

Study the topics “Multinational countries: the UK and the USA” (Unit 3 pp. 62-69 in Discussion Guide: British and American Studies: учебное пособие / Т.Н. Дубровская, Н.П. Звонак, О.А. Зинина и др.-Мн.: МГЛУ, 2003.-120 с. ;

p.p. 13-17;

pp. 112-115., – in America In Close-Up/Eckhard Fiedler, Reimer Jansen, Mil Norman-Risch – Longman Group UK Limited 1990;

pp. 97-100., –in Britain In Close-Up /David McDowal – Longman Group UK Limited 1990).

Key terms and essential vocabulary:

apartheid

assimilation

discrimination

citizenship

ethnicity

fascism

genocide

nation / nationality / nationalism

patriotism

prejudice

“primary races”: Caucasoid, Mongoloid, Negroid

race /racism

segregation (traditional, voluntary, forced)

xenophobia

The USA:

alien (illegal, legal)

asylum seeker

old-stock American

disadvantaged minority

economic hardship

ethnic make-up / diversity

ethnic enclave

immigration debate / reforms

melting pot / salad bowl / vegetable soup

Nativism

political oppression

WASP

to be assimilated into (a culture)

to be of (British) origin / ancestry/ descent

to be underrepresented (in government)

to abolish slavery

to accommodate refugees

to arrive by millions

to come on a (temporary/ visitor) visa

to convert to (Protestantism)

to deny somebody the right

to encourage / forbid intermarriage

to endure degrading conditions

to exclude women / blacks

to excel in / at (showbiz, sport, etc)

to exploit someone / something

to flee (religious persecution)

to force assimilation / integration

to gain / acquire legal status

to keep illegal immigration to a minimum

to lower the minimum wage

to possess inalienable rights

to prohibit employers from hiring illegals

to promote harmonious race-mixing

to remove cultural / language barriers

to threaten (jobs, healthy competition)

to tighten immigration restrictions

to wrestle with the problem of identity

The African-American Civil Rights Movement

literacy test

ghetto

peaceful / non-violent means of protest

freedom from oppression by whites

desegregation of public education

Fair Housing Act (1968)

affirmative action (preferential treatment)

reverse discrimination

to alter the hiring process

to bridge the differences

to close the income / inequality gap

to extend equal privileges to ( Blacks)

to outlaw racial discrimination

to prohibit housing discrimination

to reduce employment discrimination

to reestablish voting rights

to restore suffrage / fundamental right

The UK:

Accession-8 countries (A8)

British Nationality Act 1948

Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962 Race Relations Act (1965, 1968, 1976)

sense of alienation from (a community)

to be eligible for ( welfare support )

to be the target of discrimination in class and status

to apply for / claim / live in social (state) housing

to claim child benefits

to create a new multicultural identity

to deter smn from enrolling ( in college, …)

to end up in the poorest area

to eliminate racial discrimination

to face / encounter hostility from (the authorities)

to feel harassed by smth / smn

to fill a gap in the UK labour market

to introduce / issue a Race Relations Act

to keep a strong attachment to traditions

to lack basic housing amenities

to make a substantial contribution to smth

to process an application for asylum

to reduce primary immigration

to rely on public welfare services

to remain at the bottom of economic scale

to rise to leading positions (in the UK economy)

to suffer ill health

Questions for discussion:

1. Name major ethnic minorities in the USA.
2. Comment on the waves of immigration to the USA.
3. What caused “nativist sentiment” among “old-stock” Americans?
4. Which ethnic group is called “America's unwilling immigrants”? How has their position changed?
5. What problems do ethnic minorities face in the USA?
6. What are the typical trends within the recent immigration processes?
7. Compare reasons for immigration to the USA before the 20th century and nowadays. What has changed? Do you agree that “the grass is always greener on the other side”?
8. Why does American government have to impose immigration restrictions? If you were an average American, would you support such measures?
9. Public opinion surveys suggest that Americans see both the good and bad sides of immigration. What do you think they are? In your opinion, can such large-scale immigration processes be benefitial for a country?
10. Name major ethnic minorities in the UK.
11. What policy has the UK government pursued towards ethnic minorities throughout its history? How does it differ from that in the USA? What are the reasons for such differences?
12. What problems do ethnic minorities face in the UK? What can be done to reduce racial prejudices in multi-ethnic societies?
13. Do you share Trevor Philips' ideas espressed in the quotation on p. 100?

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