• Гідрологія і Гідрометрія
• Господарське право
• Економіка будівництва
• Економіка природокористування
• Економічна теорія
• Земельне право
• Історія України
• Кримінально виконавче право
• Медична радіологія
• Методи аналізу
• Міжнародне приватне право
• Міжнародний маркетинг
• Основи екології
• Предмет Політологія
• Соціальне страхування
• Технічні засоби організації дорожнього руху
• Товарознавство продовольчих товарів

MULTILINGUALISM

Study the topic “Multilingualism” Unit 3, pp. 59-61, 69-70 in Discussion Guide: British and American Studies: учебное пособие / Т.Н. Дубровская, Н.П. Звонак, О.А. Зинина и др.-Мн.: МГЛУ, 2003.-120 с.

Key terms and essential vocabulary:

bilingualism

monolingualism

societal / individual / international multilingualism

native language / mother tongue

endangered / threatened / moribund / extinct language

official / national / majority/ dominant / second / minority language

linguistic minority (indigenous / rural / urban)

linguistic variety / diversity

language loyalty

linguistic revival / revitalization

“appreciation of dialect differences” approach

“elimination of non-standard speech” approach

language “immersion” schools

European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

creole language

lingua franca.

pidgin language

to acquire proficiency in (a language)

to act as a focus of discontent

to act as a symbol of group consciousness and solidarity

to actively discourage ( a child ) from using a minority language

to adopt a bilingual approach / policy to (education)

to be a barrier to one’s social advancement / effective communication

to be compelled to learn multiple languages

to be / remain at a political disadvantage

to be educated in one’s mother tongue

to be essential for upward social mobility

to be faced with a considerable / severe problem

to be reluctant to ( learn foreign languages )

to be spoken natively / indigenously

to be taught through the medium of (one’s mother tongue) in the initial stages of schooling

to be under increasing threat

to be (un)true to one’s cultural traditions

to depend on teacher’s individual commitment to the subject

to eliminate non-standard speech

to function as a full member of a national community

to have a linguistically sophisticated educational policy

to have an outwardly monolingual appearance

to have an adverse effect on smn

to ignore / discourage a minority language

to impair educational progress (of a child)

to locate a genuinely monolingual country

to obliterate a culture / language

to observe an increase in the number of fluent speakers

to post public notices in several languages

to protect / observe linguistic rights (of a minority group)

to provide bilingual signage

to put a language on / out of the school curriculum

to retain a passive knowledge of one’s mother tongue

to undertake a separatist movement

Questions for discussion:

1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of multilingualism for individuals and societies?
2. What is a “language education policy” of a country? What approaches can be adopted by a government to settle problems of linguistic minorities in education?
3. What is the basis of teaching in “immersion schools”?
4. Define the notion “new Bretons”. Do you approve of their motives?
5. What are the problems linguistic minorities face? (e.g. the Frisian-speaking minority in the Netherlands, etc).
6. Why is so much attention being paid to the protection or revitalisation of minority languages nowadays?

AGING

Study the topic on the texts handed out by the teacher (Social benefits of extended families and Family responsibility: a dangerous policy).

Key terms and essential vocabulary:

a carer

a child care centre / a child care facility

a family argument

a generation

a nursing home

a policy

a return to

a reversal of the current trend

a social trend

a stifling environment

an ensuing gap in one’s career

an extended family

child-rearing / upbringing

elderly people

government support

greater emotional involvement

massive demographic changes

mutual benefit

roots

social benefits

social welfare

(subsidized) health care

the scope of personal growth

to be better attuned to the children’s needs

to be in one’s best interests

to be reluctant to do something

to benefit from the greater experience and knowledge of the family elders

to carry out the wishes of one’s elders

to come and go as one pleases

to deal with demographic shifts

to decrease the proportion of working age people

to disadvantage

to encourage somebody

to enjoy the benefits of independent living

to feel a burden on one’s family

to feel deep shame

to gain benefit from something

to increase the proportion of older people

to leave the parental influence

to live by oneself

to live longer lives

to live one’s life in one’s own way

to look after somebody

to lose control over one’s life

to move in with somebody

to organize one’s living arrangement

to prevent from living together

to provide opportunities for social interaction

to rear / bring up children

to reduce independence

to reduce working hours

to rely on support services

to retain one’s independence

to strengthen family bonds

to sustain at the same level

to take time our from one’s job and working life

Questions for discussion:

1. Where do elderly people tend to live nowadays? What’s the general trend?
2. What are the benefits of living in extended families?
3. What are the disadvantages of this trend?
4. Why are elderly people reluctant to live with their children? Give reasons.
5. Why isn’t it a good idea to promote extended family as a model on the part of the state?

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