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Converging Lens Image Formation

Converging lenses can produce both real and virtual images while diverging lenses can only produce virtual images. The process by which images are formed for lenses is the same as the process by which images are formed for plane and curved mirrors. Images are formed at locations where any observer is sighting as they view the image of the object through the lens. Therefore, if the path of several light rays through a lens is traced, each of these light rays will intersect at a point upon refraction through the lens. Each observer must sight in the direction of this point in order to view the image of the object. While different observers will sight along different lines of sight, each line of sight intersects at the image location. The diagram below shows several incidental rays emanating from an object - a light bulb. Three of these incident rays correspond to our three strategic and predictable light rays. Each incident ray will refract through the lens and be detected by a different observer (represented by the eyes). The location where the refracted rays are intersecting is the image location.

In this case, the image is a real image since the light rays are actually passing through the image location. To each observer, it appears as though light is coming from this location.

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