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I and Y

yaf, form of yeven/given (from OE ʒyfan and O Scand gefa)

L

laye, form of lyen v str. 5, LIE (OE licʒan v)

leef n LEAF (OE lēaf N. -a)

leene adj LEAN (OE hlǣne)

M

matere n MATTER (from O Fr matiere)

myght/mighte, see OE maʒan

moore, moost, see OE micel

N

nas, form of ben, ne + was

nat/not/noght, neg. particle NOT (OE nā-wiht)

O

overest(e) superl, of over adj, ado OVER (OE ofer)

R

rake n RAKE (OE raca n, M. -n)

reden v w.I READ (OE rǣdan v, str. 7, w.I)

robe n ROBE (from O Fr robe, from G)

S

shall, sholde, see OE sculan (p. 123)

short adj SHORT (OE sceort)

some pron indef. SOME (OE sum)

soul(e) n SOUL (OE sāwol n, F. -ō)

sownen/sounden v, w.II, SOUND (from O Fr soner)

spech(e) n SPEECH (OE sprǣc/spǣc n, F. -ō)

speken v, str. 4 SPEAK (OE sprecan v, str. 5)

T

techen v w.I, TEACH (OE tǣcan)

terme/tearm n TERM (from O Fr terme)

toke/took, Past of taken v, str. 6, TAKE (from 0 Scand taka)

translacyon n TRANSLATION (from O Fr translation, L translātio, Acc. translationem)

translaten v w. TRANSLATE (from O Fr translater, L translatio)

tweyne num TWAIN, TWO (OE twā, tweʒen, F.)

U

uplondyssh adj (OE up-lend-isc) ‘rural’

W

wherwith ‘with which’ (OE hwǣr, wið)

wyll, wolde forms of willen, see OE willan

Text 4. W. Shakespeare, Sonnet 2.

Supply a historical explanation for the underlined words: probable origin, spelling, pronunciation, grammatical forms and their meanings. Point out the ditferences from Mod E.

When forty winters shall besiege thy brow,

And dig deep trenches in thy beauty's field,

Thy youth’s proud livery, so gaz’d on now.

Will be a tatter’d weed, of small worth held.

Then being ask’d where all thy beauty lies,

Where all the treasure of thy lusty days

To say, within thine own deep-sunken eyes,

Were an all-eating shame, and thriftless praise

How much more praise deserv’d thy beauty's use,

If thou couldst answer ‘This fair child of mine

Shall sum my count, and make my old excuse,’

Proving his beauty by succession thine!

This were to be new made when thou art old,

And see thy blood warm when thou feel'st it cold.

Text 5. From INCOGNITA: LOVE AND DUTY RECONCIL’D by W. Congreve (late 17th c.). Pick out words and Forms for historical commentary and account for all the features which can be explained by resorting to history. Note the dif­ferences from Mod E.

Being come to the House, they carried him to his Bed, and hav­ing sent for Surgeons Aurelian rewarded and dismissed the Guard. He stay'd the dressing of Claudio's Wounds, which were many, though they hop’d none Mortal: and leaving him to his Rest, went to give Hippolito an Account of what had happened, whom he found with a Table before him, leaning upon both his Elbows, his Face covered with his Hands, and so motionless, that Aurelian concluded he was asleep; seeing several Papers lie before him, half written and blotted out again, he thought to steal softly to the Table, and discover whathe had been employed about. Just as he reach'd forth his Hand to take up one of the Papers, Hippolito started up so on the suddain, as surpriz'd Aurelian and made him leap back; Hippolito, on the oth­er hand, not supposing that any Body had been near him, was so disordered with the Appearance of a Man at his Elbow, (whom his Amaze­ment did not permit him to distinguish) that he leap’d hastily to his Sword, and in turning him about, overthrew the Stand and Candies. Here were they both left in the Dark, Hippolito groping about with his Sword and thrusting at every Chair that he felt oppose him. Aurelian was scarce come to himself, when thinking to step back to­ward the Door that he might inform his Friend of his Mistake, with­out exposing himself to his blind Fury; Hippolito heard him stir, and made a full thrust with such Violence, that the Hill of the Sword meeting with Aurelian's Breast beat him down, and Hippolito a top of him, as a Servant alarm’d with the noise, came into the Chamber with a Light. The Fellow trembled, and thought they were both Dead, till Hippolito raising himself, to see whom he had got under him, swoon’d away upon the discovery of his Friend. But such was the extraordinary Care of Providence in directing the Sword, that it only past under his Arm giving no Wound to Aurelian, but a little Bruise between his Shoulder and Breast with the Hilt.

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