• Гідрологія і Гідрометрія
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• Медична радіологія
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• Міжнародний маркетинг
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• Предмет Політологія
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• Товарознавство продовольчих товарів

Factors that may contribute to terrorism

- High population growth rates (so – called “youth bulges”)

- High Unemployment

- Lagging economies

- Political disenfranchisement

- Extremism

- Ethnic conflict

- Religious conflict

- Territorial conflict

Many opinions exist concerning the causes of terrorism; they range from demographic to socioeconomic and political factors. Demographic factors may include congestion and high growth rates. Socioeconomic factors nay include poverty, unemployment, and land tenure problems. Political factors may include disenfranchisement, ethnic conflict, religious conflict, territorial conflict, access to resources, or even revenge.

In some cases, he rationale for terrorist attack may be uncertain or unrelated to any large –scale social conflict (such as the Sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway by Aum Shinrikyo)

A global research report “An Inclusive World” prepared by an international team of researchers has reached the conclusion that terrorism functions like an economic market. There is demand for terrorists placed by greed or grievance. Supply is driven by relative deprivation resulting in triple deficits – development deficit, democratic deficit and dignity deficit. Acts of terrorism take place at the point of intersection between supply and demand. Those placing the demand use religion and other denominators as vehicles to establish links with those on the supply side.

(From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)

Task 2:

Learn the vocabulary from the text

Intimidate government disguise

Compel to do a combatant

Calculated use hostages

Unlawful violence unlawfulness

Outline the criteria illegitimacy

Perpetrator state terrorism

Threat of violence political label

Riot negative connotation

Assault freedom fighter

Severity liberator

Psychological impact paramilitary

Government legitimacy decades to come

Failure civil disorders

Deaths of civilians quasi- terrorism

Deliberate targeting political disenfranchisement

Intentional and specific selection grievance

Victims of terrorism demand

Task 3:

Answer the questions based on the text.

1. When was the term “terrorism” based?

2. How many definitions of the term “terrorism” are there?

3. How does a United Nations Security Council define terrorism?

4. What are the most typical characteristics of terrorism?

5. Why do terrorists attack national symbols?

6. Why are the criteria of illegitimacy inherently problematic and not universally accepted?

7. What euphemistic terms do terrorists use to identify themselves?

8. What is the difference between the terms “terrorism” and “extremism”?

9. What types of terrorism are mentioned in the text?

Task 4:

Study the collocations with the word “terror” and its derivatives. Use as many of them as you can in the sentences of your own.

Terror

Resort to terror terror gang

Use terror terror group

Give in to terror an act of terror

Terror campaign a reign of terror

Terror tactics

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