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Aesthetic properties

Colour

One of the most obvious things about the appearance of a fabric is its colour. Popular colours change with fashion. Different colour pallets are produced each season. The patterns and decorations on fabrics also change with fashion. For example, embroidery and stripes may be popular one year and not the next.

Colour can be added to a fabric at many different stages in its construction:

ü Fibres can be dyed before they are spun into a yarn to make single colour or multicoloured yarns;

ü Yarn can be dyed before it is woven or knitted into a fabric, to make striped, checked or Fair Isle fabrics;

ü Fabrics can be dyed or printed after they have been made;

ü Decorative surface details can be added, like embroidery and appliqué;

ü Fabrics can be made colourful by combining smaller pieces of a fabric together as in patchwork.

Luster

Lustrous fabrics are usually made from smooth fibres, usually filament fibres. The yarns have very little twist and are made into a fabric where the surface is also smooth, like a satin weave – the smoothness of a fabric makes it shine. Manufactured fibres are smooth and shiny, but this is not always desirable. Crimping the fibres, making them into staple fibres before they are spun, altering the shape of the holes in the spinneret and adding particles to the liquid before it is spun can all make manufactured fibres less shiny.

Handle

This is how the fabric feels to touch. Coarse staple fibres made into spun yarns will feel rough. Crimped yarns and smooth fine yarns make smoother fabrics. How stiff or soft the fabric is will depend on how the fibres are made into a fabric, non-woven fabrics are usually much more stiff than knitted or woven fabrics.

When the yarns in a fabric are packed tightly together it will be stiffer than if there are spaces between the yarns. Very fine semi-transparent fabrics can be made from fine fibres made into fine smooth yarns, which are then loosely woven together. Novelty yarns and/or special fabric construction techniques can make a range of textures, e.g. velvet, seersucker or damask fabrics.

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