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Careers in Computer Science

Computer science (CS) spans the range from theory through programming to cutting-edge developmentof computing solutions. Computer science offers a foundation that permits graduates to adapt to new technologies and new ideas. The work of computer scientists falls into three categories: a) designing and building software; b) developing effective ways to solve computing problems, such as storing information in databases, sending data over networks or providing new approaches to security problems; and c) devising new and better ways of using computers and addressing particular challenges in areas such as robotics, computer vision, or digital forensics (although these specializations are not available in all computer science programs). Most computer science programs require some mathematical background.

Let us consider what is involved in a career path in each area.

Career Path 1: Designing and implementing software. This refers to the work of software development which has grown to include aspects of web development, interface design, security issues, mobile computing, and so on. This is the career path that the majority of computer science graduates follow. While a bachelor’s degree is generally sufficient for entry into this kind of career, many software professionals return to school to obtain a terminal master’s degree. Career opportunities occur in a wide variety of settings including large or small software companies, large or small computer services companies, and large organizations of all kinds (industry, government, banking, healthcare, etc.). Degree programs in software engineering also educate students for this career path.

Career Path 2: Devising new ways to use computers. This refers to innovation in the application of computer technology. A career path in this area can involve advanced graduate work, followed by a position in a research university or industrial research and development laboratory; it can also involve entrepreneurial activity.

Career Path 3: Developing effective ways to solve computing problems. This refers to the application or development of computer science theory and knowledge of algorithms to ensure the best possible solutions for computationally intensive problems. As a practical matter, a career path in the development of new computer science theory typically requires graduate work to the Ph.D. level, followed by a position in a research university or an industrial research and development laboratory.

Career Path 4: Planning and managing organizational technology infrastructure. This is the type of work for which the new information technology (IT) programs explicitly aim to educate students.

(based on: http://computingcareers.acm.org)

2. Match the words and word combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents:

1. to span the range	a) впровадження програмного забезпечення
2. security issues	b) кар'єрна стежина
3. implementing software	c) питання безпеки
4. devising new and better ways	d) передовий розвиток
5. research university	e) виключно спрямований
6. an application	f) доктор філософії
7. cutting-edge development	g)розробка нових і кращих шляхів
8. career path	h) складні обчислювальні задачі
9. entrepreneurial [ ] activity	i) охоплювати діапазон
10. to obtain a master’s degree/ a bachelor’s degree	j)виконувати обчислювальні завдання
11. providing new approaches	k) дослідницький університет
12. computationally intensive problems	l) щоб отримати ступінь магістра/ бакалавра
13. to solve computing problems	m) підприємницька діяльність
14. Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)	n) забезпечення нових підходів
15. explicitly aim	o) застосування
16. advanced graduate work	p) стосуватися
17. to refer to	q) роботехніка
18. to require	r) комп’ютерна експертиза
19. robotics	s) направляти певні виклики
20. to address particular challenges	t) вимагати
21. digital forensics	u) подальша післядипломна робота

3. Complete the sentences from your memory:

1. Computer science (CS) spans the range from … through… to ...
2. The work of computer scientists falls into …
3. Developing effective ways to solve computing problems includes such issues as …
4. Students may address particular challenges in areas such as…
5. The career path that the majority of computer science graduates follow is …
6. The work of software development has grown to include aspects of…
7. Learning at the university you can obtain the degrees of…
8. A career path in the development of new computer science theory typically requires…
9. The career path of devising new ways to use computers may involve…
10. Planning and managing organizational technology infrastructure explicitly aims…

4. Match the definition with the word defined? Choose the words from the databank:

Databank:alaboratory, a network, to adapt, digital forensics, robotics, a database, a challenge, computer vision, intensive, software engineering.

1) to adjust (someone or something, esp oneself) to different conditions, a new environment; 2) a systematized collection of data that can be accessed immediately and manipulated by a data-processing system for a specific purpose; 3) a system of computers interconnected by telephone wires or other means in order to share information; 4) a test of one's abilities or resources in a demanding but stimulating undertaking; 5) is a branch of forensic science encompassing the recovery and investigation of material found in digital devices, often in relation to computer crime; 6) the science or study of the technology associated with the design, fabrication, theory, and application of robots; 7) the science and technology of machines that see, where see in this case means that the machine is able to extract information from an image that is necessary to solve some task; 8) a profession dedicated to designing, implementing, and modifying software so that it is of higher quality, more affordable, maintainable, and faster to build; 9) possessing or requiring to a high degree; 10) a room or building equipped for scientific experimentation or research.

5. Insert the words into the proper places:

(To) implement – (an) implementation – implemented – implementing

1. How do you ________ this tool?
2. I’m not satisfied with the ________ procedures.
3. The agency was created for the _________ of the policy.
4. __________ new software to the user’s market is their priority.

(A) design – designing – designed – (a) designer

1. I’m fond of ________ print or electronic forms of visual information, as for an advertisement, publication, or website.
2. He contributed to the ________ of a new instrument.
3. We’re looking for a web _________.
4. A new gadget has been recently ________ by a laboratory.

(to) apply – (an) application – applicable – applying

1. I _______ this rule to get good results.
2. _______ iptables firewall rules fails after I have upgraded the system.
3. This rule is not ________ to me any longer.
4. The ________ required several hundred lines of code.

6. Read the text silently, grasping its main idea:

The hero of our time
William (Bill) H. Gates is chairman of Microsoft Corporation, the worldwide leader in software, services and solutions that help people and businesses realize their full potential.

On June 27, 2008, Gates transitioned out of a day-to-day role in the company to spend more time on his global health and education work at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. He shares his thoughts about the foundation and other topics on Gates Notes, a Web site launched in January 2010. Gates continues to serve as Microsoft's chairman and as an advisor on key development projects.

Born on Oct. 28, 1955, Gates grew up in Seattle with his two sisters. Their father, William H. Gates II, is a Seattle attorney. Their late mother, Mary Gates, was a schoolteacher, University of Washington regent, and chairwoman of United Way International.

Gates attended public elementary school and the private Lakeside School. There, he discovered his interest in software and began programming computers at age 13.

In 1973, Gates entered Harvard University as a freshman, where he lived down the hall from Steve Ballmer, now Microsoft's chief executive officer. While at Harvard, Gates developed a version of the programming language BASIC for the first microcomputer - the MITS Altair.

In his junior year, Gates left Harvard to devote his energies to Microsoft, a company he had begun in 1975 with his childhood friend Paul Allen. Guided by a belief that the computer would be a valuable tool on every office desktop and in every home, they began developing software for personal computers. Gates' foresight and his vision for personal computing have been central to the success of Microsoft and the software industry.

In 1987, Gates was listed as a billionaire in the pages of Forbes' 400 Richest People in America issue, just days before his 32nd birthday. In 2011, Bill Gates was ranked as the fifth most powerful person in the world, according to rankings by Forbes magazine.

Under Gates' leadership, Microsoft's mission has been to continually advance and improve software technology, and to make it easier, more cost-effective and more enjoyable for people to use computers. The company is committed to a long-term view, reflected in its industry-leading investment in research and development each year.

Gates has donated the proceeds of his two bestsellers "Business @ the Speed of Thought", "The Road Ahead" to non-profit organizations that support the use of technology in education and skills development. Philanthropy is very important to Gates. He and his wife, Melinda, started a foundation in 2000 to help reduce inequities in the United States and around the world. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation supports philanthropic initiatives in the areas of global health and learning, with the hope that in the 21st century, advances in these critical areas will be available for all people.

Gates got married on Jan. 1, 1994, to Melinda French Gates. They have three children. Gates is an avid reader, and enjoys playing golf, tennis and bridge.

(based on: http://www.microsoft.com)

7. True or false:

1. Gates is still an executive Microsoft's chairman.
2. His father, William H. Gates II, is a Seattle professor.
3. Bill began programming computers at age 10.
4. Gates' foresight and his vision for personal computing have been central to the success of Microsoft and the software industry.
5. Gates graduated Harvard University.
6. Gates was listed as a billionaire some days before his 32nd birthday.
7. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation supports initiatives in the areas of global security and nanotechnology.
8. Microsoft is committed to a long-term view.
9. Bill Gates wrote dozens of books.
10. The computer genius hates reading.

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