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Spelling rules.

1. If the adjective ends in a consonant preceded by a stressed short vowel the consonant is doubled before ‑er, ‑est.

2. If the adjective ends in ‑y preceded by a consonant, у is changed into i before ‑er and ‑est.

3. If the adjective ends in ‑e the e is dropped before ‑er and ‑est.

§ 4. The adjective has the following syntactical characteristics: In a sentence the adjective may be used as an attribute or as a predicative.

A little fat chap thrust out his underlip and the tall fellow frowned.

(Mansfield) (ATTRIBUTES)

Laura was terribly nervous. (Mansfield) (PREDICATIVE)

The air was motionless... (Mansfield) (PREDICATIVE)

Morphological composition of the adjective.

Adjectives are divided into simple, derivative and compound.

1. Simple adjectives are adjectives which have neither prefixes nor suffixes. They are indecomposable: e. g. good, red, black.

2. Derivative adjectivesare adjectives which have derivative elements, suffixes or prefixes or both: beautiful, foolish, hopeless, unkind, unimportant.

Productive adjective-forming suffixes are:

-less: friendless, harmless, hopeless

-like: childlike

-ish: childish, foolish

-ed (-d): beaded, blue-eyed

Unproductive suffixes are:

-fid: careful

‑ible: responsible

‑able: reliable

‑ant: important

‑ent: dependent

‑en: woolen

‑ous: dangerous

‑some: troublesome

Productive adjective-forming prefixes are:

un-: unhappy

pre-: prewar

The unproductive prefix of the adjective is:

in-: incorrect

3. Compound adjectives are adjectives built from two or more stems.

The main types of compound adjectives are as follows:

(a) noun-stem + adjective-stem: snow-white.

(b) noun-stem + participle-stem: life-giving, smoke-dried.

(c) adjective-stem + adjective-stem: deaf-mute.

(d) adjective-stem + noun-stem + suffix ‑ed: cold-hearted.

(e) noun-stem + noun-stem + suffix ‑ed: lynx-eyed.

(f) numeral-stem + noun-stem + suffix ‑ed: four-wheeled.

(g) adverb-stem + noun-stem + suffix ‑ed: over-peopled.

Читайте також:

1. Ex. 6 Nasal, fricative, lateral plosions, loss of plosion. Read the words and phrases observing plosion rules.
2. Harry hesitated. He’d been afraid of this—but he hadn’t told Cedric, and he certainly wasn’t going to tell Moody, that Hagrid had broken the rules.
3. Historical Foundations of Modern English Spelling
4. SPELLING CHANGES IN ME
5. Spelling in English compounds is not very reliable as well because they can have different spelling even in the same text,
6. Write a spelling-translation test: a) translate the phrases into English; b) check them with the key.

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