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Grammar

For indirect speech, of which:

John says that they are at the door is an example, the forms "go" and "nach" follow the first verb and its subject when the second verb is in the present. An example:

Deir Seán go bhfuil siad ag an doras (der shaw*n goh vwil SHEE-uhd eg un DUH-ruhs), John says that they are at the door.

In the past tense, "tá" and a few of the other irregular verbs require "gur" (gur) and "nár" (naw*r) before them. Read these three examples over carefully until you understand the principle of sentence formation with past tense indirect speech:

Dúirt Seán go raibh siad istigh (DOO-irt shaw*n goh rev SHEE-uhd ish-TEE), John said that they were inside.

Chuala Máire go bhfaca méan carr (K*OO-luh MAW*-re goh VAH-kuh may* un kahr), Mary heard that I saw the car.

Dúirt mégur chaill sía cóta (DOO-irt may* gur k*eyel shee uh KOH-tuh), I said that she lost her coat.

Here are the irregular verb forms in the past for indirect speech:

go bhfaca mé(goh VAH-kuh may*), that I saw.

nach bhfaca mé(nahk* VAH-kuh may*), that I didn't see.

gur chuala mé(gur K*OO-uh-luh may*), that I heard.

nár chuala mé(naw*r K*OO-uh-luh may*), that I didn't hear.

go bhfuair mé(goh VOO-ir may*), that I got.

nach bhfuair mé(nahk* VOO-ir may*), that I didn't get.

go ndúirt mé(goh NOO-irt may*), that I said.

nach ndúirt mé(nahk* NOO-irt may*), that I didn't say.

go ndearna mé(goh NYAR-nuh may*), that I did.

nach ndearna mé(nahk* NYAR-nuh may*), that I didn't do.

gur thug mé(gur hug may*), that I gave.

nár thug mé; that I didn't give.

gur rug méair (gur rug may* er), that I seized him.

nár rug méair; that I didn't seize him.

gur tháinig mé(gur HAW*-nig may*), that I came.

nár tháinig mé; that I didn't come.

go ndeachaigh mé(goh NYAK*-hee may*), that I went

nach ndeachaigh mé; that I didn't go

go raibh mé(goh rev may*), that I was

nach raibh mé(nahk* rev may*), that I wasn't

Drill

Make up a simple sentence, such as "He said that I saw him", or "he believes that I saw him", for each of the above twenty phrases. The first part of the sentence can be such as these:

Deir sé(der shay*), he says; dúirt siad (DOO-irt SHEE-uhd), they said, is dóigh liom (is DOH-ee luhm), I think; etc.

Next, combine the negative of the irregular verbs in the past and present with regular and irregular forms. To start, take "Feicim go raibh ____" (FEK-im goh rev), I see that ____ ; "Nífhaca ségo raibh ____ " (nee AH-kuh shay* goh rev), he didn't see that ____ ; "Feicim nach raibh ____" (FEK-im nahk* rev), I didn't see ____ was not.

Next, work on the regular verbs in the past tense with indirect speech. Make sentences to complete these sentence starts:

Is dóigh liom, with: that he bought a house; that he didn't buy a house; that he explained the story (scéal (shkay*l)); that he didn't explain the story.

Shíl mé(heel may*), I thought, with: that they understood it; that they didn't understand it; that they lost the money; that they didn't lose the money.

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