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Irish Lesson 75

PRONUNCIATION REVIEW

If the letter "e" in Irish has a síneadh (SHEEN-uh) over it --é-- pronounce it like the first part of the vowel sound in English "may". Do not add the (ee) sound; say "may" very slowly, and you will hear it. Our pronunciation guide symbol foréis (ay*), in which the asterisk tells you that the sound resembles the English "ay" but has an audible difference.

In pronouncingé, hold the sound for a longer time than you would the English sound (ay). Compare Irish "méféin" (may* fay*n) with English "may feign".

Practice on these words: sé(shay*); béal (bay*l); déan; fé; clé; réim (ray*m); spéir (spay*r).

If the letteréhas no síneadh over it, and if it is at a word end or followed by an "i," pronounce it like the "e" in English "let". Examples: eile (EL-e); eire (E-re); eitilt (E-tilt); beir (ber); leid (led); creid (kred).

Do not lengthen this sound as you do the "é" sound.

If "é" precedes other vowels, it may get no sound, or the vowels together may have a particular sound of their own. For example, in the word "meá," the "e" is unsounded and merely tells you to give the "m" its slender sound, with lips near the teeth: (myaw*), differing from "má" (maw*) with lips protruded.

In words like "fear" (far), the "ea" combination has its own sound, resembling the "a" in English "at."

GRAMMAR

We continue with the saorbhriathar (say*r-VREE-huhr), or free form, of the irregular verbs in the past tense. Here are four more:

dúradh (DOO-ruh), it was said

nídúradh, it was not said

an ndúradh? (un NOO-ruh), was it said?

nach ndúradh?, wasn't it said?

rinneadh (RIN-yuh), it was done, it was made

nídhearnadh (YAHR-nuh), it wasn't done, it wasn't made

an ndearnadh? (NYAHR-nuh), was it done?, was it made?

nach ndearnadh?, wasn't it done?, wasn't it made?

tugadh (TUG-uh), it was given

níor tugadh (NEE-uhr TUG-uh), it wasn't given

ar tugadh?, was it given?

nár (naw*r) tugadh?, wasn't it given?

fuarthas (FOO-uhr-huhs), it was found, it was gotten

níbhfuarthas (nee VOOR-uhr-huhs), it wasn't found, it wasn't gotten

an bhfuarthas?, was it found?, was it gotten?

nach bhfuarthas?, wasn't it found?, wasn't it gotten?

VOCABULARY

Masculine nouns

bun (bun), bottom

barr (baw*r), top

toitín (tuh-TYEEN), cigarette

cipín (ki-PEEN), match

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