Cleachtadh; practice

Here are some sentences to help you learn an tuiseal tabharthach (TUSH-uhl TOO-uhr-hahk*), or dative case, with relative clauses. Read each sentence out loud, get the meaning by mental picture (not by translation), and then substitute the noun following the sentence for the words in italics. Change the end word when necessary.

Chuala méan t-amhránaía ndúirt túleis. The woman.

Bhris Caitríona an fhuinneog ar tháinig métríthi. The windows.

Baileoidh sibh na cupáin nach bhfuil caife iontu. The bottle.

D'fheicfáan carr nár cuireadh an bosca faoi. The chair.

Feicfidh siad an chathair ar fhill Séamas uaithi. The countries.

Iséseo an leabhar a bhfuair sían scéal uaidh. The girl.

Cheannaigh an rialtas an garáiste a ndearna Niall na plátaíann. The farm.

Key:

I heard the singer that you spoke to. an bhean léi.

Caitríona broke the window that I came through. na fuinneoga tríothu.

You-all will collect the cups that don't have coffee in them. an buidéal ann.

You would see the car that didn't have the box put under it (under which the box was not put), an chathaoir fuithí.

They will see the city that Séamas returned from. na tíortha uathu.

This is the book that she got the story from. Isíseo an ghirseach uaithi.

The government bought the garage that Niall made the plates in. an fheirm inti.

Follow the word order and form given above, with the preposition last, when you speak or write. After you have had sufficient practice, you will be ready for an alternative form for several (but not all) prepositions:

Just as in English, in which you can say either "I see the box that I place the letter in" or " I see the box in which I place the letter," it is possible in Irish to say either:

Feicim an bosca a gcuirim an litir ann; or:

Feicim an bosca ina gcuirim an litir.

In the past tense, this alternative becomes:

Feicim an bosca ar chuir méan litir ann; or:

Feicim an bosca inar chuir méan litir.

The prepositions that allow this choice are:

i; in, with forms: ina, inar

do; to, for, with forms: dá, dár

de; off, also with forms: dá. dár

faoi; with forms: faoina, faoinar

ó; from, with forms:óna,ónar

trí; through; trína, trínar

The forms ending in "r" are for the past tense only and cause aspiration of the verb following them. Here are examples:

Dhíol Diarmaid an leabhar ina raibh an litir. D'fhill Nóra ar an siopa ina bhfuair sína húlla. Chonaic méan teach ina bhfanfaidh sé.

Isésin an múinteoir dádtugaim mo cheacht baile (home lesson, homework). Phóg séan cailín dár thug séan fáinne.

Chonaic méan droichead dáléimeann sé(the bridge from which he jumps).

D'imigh méón gcnoc dár thit sé; I left the hill from which he fell.

Tógfaimid (TOHK-hi-mid) an t-úrlar faoina gcuireadh Seán na prátaí; We will raise the floor under which Seán used to put the potatoes. Isésin an t-ordúfaoina bhfuaireamar an cíos; that's the order under which we got the rent. Faigh an ceann faoinar chuireamar na boscaí; get the one under which we put the boxes.

Glaoigh ar an duineóna gcloiseann túésin; call the person from whom you hear that. Rachaidh séisteach sa teachónar tháinig sé; he will go into the house that he came from.

Dúnfar an bóthar trína dtiománfadh an bus; the road through which the bus would drive will be closed. Táthar ag dúnadh an fhuinneog trínar sháigh séa cheann; the window through which he stuck his head is being closed.

<== попередня сторінка	\|	наступна сторінка ==>
Irish Lesson 125	\|	Ceisteanna sa tuiseal tabharthach; questions in the dative case

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