• Гідрологія і Гідрометрія
• Господарське право
• Економіка будівництва
• Економіка природокористування
• Економічна теорія
• Земельне право
• Історія України
• Кримінально виконавче право
• Медична радіологія
• Методи аналізу
• Міжнародне приватне право
• Міжнародний маркетинг
• Основи екології
• Предмет Політологія
• Соціальне страхування
• Технічні засоби організації дорожнього руху
• Товарознавство продовольчих товарів

Marlene Leach

Marlene Leach

Managing Director

Per pro(p.p.) is sometimes used in signatures and means ‘for and on behalf of’. Secretaries sometimes use p.p. when signing a letter on behalf of their bosses. When writing on behalf of your company, it is useful to indicate your position in the firm in the signature.

Notes about enclosures and copies. If you are enclosing something with your letter, you should type ‘Enc.’ at the bottom. If you are sending a copy to another person, you should type ‘cc’ (carbon copy) and the person’s name at the bottom. The following abbreviations may be typed on copies of the letter, but not on the original: ‘bcc’ (blind carbon copy) if you are sending a copy to someone else without the original addressee knowing, and ‘fyi’ (for your information) if you are sending a copy to someone purely for information.

b) Business Letter Formats

There are certain standards for formatting a business letter, though some variations are acceptable (for example between European and North American business letters). Here are some basic guidelines:

· Use A4 (European) or 8.5 x 11 inch (North American) paper or letterhead

· Use 2.5 cm or 1 inch margins on all four sides

· Use a simple font such as Times New Roman or Arial

· Use 10 to 12 point font

· Use a comma after the salutation (Dear Mr Bond,)

· Lay out the letter so that it fits the paper appropriately

· Single space within paragraphs

· Double space between paragraphs

· Double space between last sentence and closing (Sincerely, Best wishes)

· Leave three to five spaces for a handwritten signature

· cc: (meaning "copies to") comes after the typed name (if necessary)

· enc: (meaning "enclosure") comes next (if necessary)

· Fold in three (horizontally) before placing in the envelope

· Use right ragged formatting (not justified on right side)

There are three main letter formats: full block, block and modified block. The former has all entries tight against the left-hand margin. The block letter format sets the references and the date to the right margin for filing and retrieval purposes. The complementary close and the signature block are also set to the right margin, with the remaining entries placed against the left one. The modified block letter format follows the same layout as either of the above, but indents each paragraph by five or six spaces (0.5 inch).

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