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REPETITIVE STRAIN INJURY

Read the following text with gaps and match the headings to its parts (A, B, C, D):

Now read the text and fill in the gaps with the following words:

A. ___________________________ :

Repetitive (1) __________ injury (RSI), also known as Cumulative Trauma Disorder (CTD), is a professional overuse syndrome, non-specific (2) __________ pain or work related upper limb (= legs or arms) disorder (WRULD). Nowadays it is the well-known illness concept that links use of the arm to (3) __________ or disease. Prior to typewriters or computers there was the concept of "writer's cramp" (=sudden pain in muscles, usually caused by cold or too much exercise).

The basis for this illness concept is the idea that one can overuse a (4) __________ , such as a computer (5) __________ or musical (6) __________ in a way that causes tissue (= muscles, nerves, brain) damage leading to pain. Conditions such as RSI tend to be associated with both physical and psychosocial stressors.

B. ___________________________ :

The following complaints are typical among patients that might receive a diagnosis of RSI:

• (7)__________ in the arm (typically diffuse - i.e. spread over many areas);
• the pain is worse with (8) __________ ;
• weakness, loss of (9) __________ .

The symptoms tend to be diffuse and non-anatomical. They tend not to be characteristic of any discrete pathological conditions.

C. ___________________________ :

Diagnostic (10) __________(radiological, electrophysiological, etc.) are normal. In short, RSI is bestunderstood as a healthy arm that hurts.

Studies have related RSI with psychological and social (11) __________. A large amount of psychological distress showed doubled (12) __________ of the pain. For example, poor support from colleagues and work dissatisfaction also showed an (13) __________ in pain. So, some (14) __________ believe that stress is the main cause of RSI. The main advocate of this point of view is Dr.John E. Sarno, Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine at the New York University Medical School.

D. ___________________________ :

Modifications of arm use (ergonomics) are often recommended.

Adaptive technology – from (15) __________ keyboards, mouse replacements and pen tablet interfaces to speech recognition (16) __________ - might be necessary. “Pause” software reminds the user to pause frequently and/or perform practices while working behind a computer. One such (17) __________ is Workrave, an open-source free program that helps to (18) __________ and (19) __________ Repetitive Strain Injury. The program frequently signals to the user to take micro-pauses, rest breaks and shows the user his/her daily limit. A kind of (20) __________ keyboard, such as the Goldtouch-Solution, or a kind of ergonomic mouse, such as a RollerMouse, vertical mouse or joystick, may help and (21) __________ relief.

Some people with RSI find relief in specific movement therapies such as taijiquan, t'ai chi ch'üan, yoga, or some other techniques that (22) __________ the risk of developing RSI. Also, doctors often recommend to do different specific strengthening exercises, for example to (23) __________ posture of your body.

Recovery is up (24) __________ months before any activity should be used.

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