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Tone Group I.

TUNES:

1. Low Fall Only.

2. Low Fall + Tail.

3. Low Pre-head + Low Fall (+ Tail).

4. (Low Pre-head +) Low Head + Low Fall (+ Tail).

STATEMENTS.

All statements associated with tone groups containing falling nuclear tones (Tone Groups I – V) sound definite and complete in the sense that the speaker wishes them to be regarded as separate items of interest. In addition Tone Group I is characteristically used to convey a cool, calm, phlegmatic, detached, reserved, dispassionate, dull, possibly grim or surly attitude on the part of the speaker.

Examples:

Answers to questions:

Announcements:

Comments:

This tone group is often used to denote the final item in the list, the other items having rising tones:

Example: You can have ^/tea, | or ^/coffee, | or _\milk.

The use of the final falling tone here implies that the list is complete: there are no other drinks available.

QUESTIONS.

1. Special Questions, i.e. those which contain an interrogative word such as What, How, Why, etc. and which cannot be answered by simply saying Yes or No.

As with statements the tone of such questions is detached and reserved; they sound rather flat and unsympathetic, quite often even hostile, and are consequently less commonly heard than such questions with other tone groups.

Examples:

2. General Questions, i.e. those which can be answered by saying Yes or No.

The main uses for Tone Group I with these questions are:

· To put the question forward as a suggestion or a subject for discussion rather than as a request for immediate information. Again the general attitude is detached, phlegmatic and reserved.

Examples:

When the fall is on the special finite verb, the speaker is querying an assumption on the part of the listener.

Example:

What is in appearance a negative question of this kind may in effect be an exclamation.

Example:

The maximum effect is achieved by placing the nuclear tone on the special finite verb, otherwise the impression is dry and perfunctory.

Example:

· In a series of short questions where there is only a small change in the form of the question each time.

Example:

Is it _\red? Is it _\blue? Is it _\black?

· Perhaps the most important use of Tone Group I with general questions is for question tags when they follow statements containing the low-falling nuclear tone. In such cases the speaker expects his statement to be confirmed by the listener, indeed he does not consider any answer except a confirmatory one to be possible.

Examples:

This type of phrase is also used independently as a comment upon a statement made by someone else. When the Low Fall is used the comment is apt to convey a total lack of interest, or else a mood of grim hostility.

Examples:

· This tone group is used in alternative questions to mark the last of the alternatives.

Examples:

^Would you like _/tea | or _\coffee?

^Can I ^·get you a _/gin, | or a _/whisky, | or a _\beer?

The final fall implies that these are the only choices and that the list is complete.

COMMANDS.

Tone Group I is used for unemotional, calm, controlled, often cold commands.

Examples:

_\Don’t. _\Take it. _\Sit, Fido. _\Gently, you _ıclumsy _ıman.

Notice that this tone group is rarely used if there are two prominent words in the command; it is therefore uncommon to hear such things as _ııDon’t be _\silly or _ıısit _\down, in where a Low Head precedes the fall.

INTERJECTIONS.

Interjections with Tone Group I sound calm, unsurprised, self-possessed, reserved. They are generally short phrases.

Examples:

_\Good. _\Right. _\Oh. _\Nonsense. _ııVery _\nice. Good _\morning.

Notice in particular _\Thank you, and _\Thanks, to express genuine, though unexcited gratitude.

Assignments:

1. Listen to the recording of the “Low Drop I” on the tape. Put down the script and intonation marks of the mini dialogues you hear. Figure out what types of sentences the recorded drills are and what attitude do they convey according to the tune they are pronounced with. Prepare test reading of these mini dialogues in pairs.

2. Read the following drills in pairs. Follow the intonation marked in the text. Analyse them from the point of view of their connotations.

Intonation Drills:

STATEMENTS.

QUESTIONS.

COMMANDS.

INTERJECTIONS.

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