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Юриспунденкция






Tone Group I.

TUNES:

1. Low Fall Only.

2. Low Fall + Tail.

3. Low Pre-head + Low Fall (+ Tail).

4. (Low Pre-head +) Low Head + Low Fall (+ Tail).

 

STATEMENTS.

All statements associated with tone groups containing falling nuclear tones (Tone Groups I – V) sound definite and complete in the sense that the speaker wishes them to be regarded as separate items of interest. In addition Tone Group I is characteristically used to convey a cool, calm, phlegmatic, detached, reserved, dispassionate, dull, possibly grim or surly attitude on the part of the speaker.

Examples:

Answers to questions:

What’s your name? \Johnson.
How old are you? \Twenty.
Occupation? I’m a \shop asısistant.
Do you work in London? \Yes, | I \do.
Do you take sugar? I \don’t, | \no.

 

Announcements:

You’ve got \lipstick on your ıcollar again.
I must \go.
It’s ııgetting \late.

 

Comments:

I’ve got the sack. I’m ıınot sur\prised.
I wasn’t even there when it happened. You should have ıısaid so be\fore.
You can go to blazes. So \that’s how you ıfeel about it.

 

This tone group is often used to denote the final item in the list, the other items having rising tones:

 

Example: You can have /tea, | or /coffee, | or \milk.

 

The use of the final falling tone here implies that the list is complete: there are no other drinks available.

 

QUESTIONS.

1. Special Questions, i.e. those which contain an interrogative word such as What, How, Why, etc. and which cannot be answered by simply saying Yes or No.

As with statements the tone of such questions is detached and reserved; they sound rather flat and unsympathetic, quite often even hostile, and are consequently less commonly heard than such questions with other tone groups.

 

Examples:

Can you lend me some money? ııWhat do you \want it ıfor?
I think it’ll be easy. ııHow do you make \that ıout?
I can’t possibly do that. ııWhat’s so \difficult aıbout it?

 

2. General Questions, i.e. those which can be answered by saying Yes or No.

The main uses for Tone Group I with these questions are:

· To put the question forward as a suggestion or a subject for discussion rather than as a request for immediate information. Again the general attitude is detached, phlegmatic and reserved.

 

Examples:

We shall have to take a taxi. But ııcan we af\ford it?
This knife’s too blunt. Is\thisoneıanyıbetter?
I’ve got so many things to do. Can \I ıhelp at ıall?

 

When the fall is on the special finite verb, the speaker is querying an assumption on the part of the listener.

 

Example:

If we can afford it, we’ll go there. But \can we afıford it?

 

What is in appearance a negative question of this kind may in effect be an exclamation.

 

Example:

Look at this gorgeous material. \Isn’t it ılovely!

 

The maximum effect is achieved by placing the nuclear tone on the special finite verb, otherwise the impression is dry and perfunctory.

 

Example:

Look what I’ve been given. ııAren’t you \lucky!

 

· In a series of short questions where there is only a small change in the form of the question each time.

 

Example:

Is it \red? Is it \blue? Is it \black?

 

· Perhaps the most important use of Tone Group I with general questions is for question tags when they follow statements containing the low-falling nuclear tone. In such cases the speaker expects his statement to be confirmed by the listener, indeed he does not consider any answer except a confirmatory one to be possible.

 

Examples:

What a beautiful \day, | \isn’t it?
You ought to be a\shamed of yourıself, | \oughtn’t you?
There’ll be \seven of us, | \won’t there?

 

This type of phrase is also used independently as a comment upon a statement made by someone else. When the Low Fall is used the comment is apt to convey a total lack of interest, or else a mood of grim hostility.

 

Examples:

I’ve just come back from Paris. \Have you?
John borrowed your car today. \Did he?

 

· This tone group is used in alternative questions to mark the last of the alternatives.

 

Examples:

Would you like /tea | or \coffee?

Can I ·get you a /gin, | or a /whisky, | or a \beer?

 

The final fall implies that these are the only choices and that the list is complete.

 

COMMANDS.

Tone Group I is used for unemotional, calm, controlled, often cold commands.

 

Examples:

\Don’t. \Take it. \Sit, Fido. \Gently, you ıclumsy ıman.

 

Notice that this tone group is rarely used if there are two prominent words in the command; it is therefore uncommon to hear such things as ııDon’t be \silly or ıısit \down, in where a Low Head precedes the fall.

 

INTERJECTIONS.

Interjections with Tone Group I sound calm, unsurprised, self-possessed, reserved. They are generally short phrases.

 

Examples:

\Good. \Right. \Oh. \Nonsense. ııVery \nice. Good \morning.

 

Notice in particular \Thank you, and \Thanks, to express genuine, though unexcited gratitude.

 

 

Assignments:

 

1. Listen to the recording of the “Low Drop I” on the tape. Put down the script and intonation marks of the mini dialogues you hear. Figure out what types of sentences the recorded drills are and what attitude do they convey according to the tune they are pronounced with. Prepare test reading of these mini dialogues in pairs.

2. Read the following drills in pairs. Follow the intonation marked in the text. Analyse them from the point of view of their connotations.

 

Intonation Drills:

STATEMENTS.

Verbal context Drill
Whose \book is this? \Yours.
When can you \do it? \Soon.
Where does he \come from? \Wales.
Which subject do \you prefer? \French.
What do you need from the \grocer’s? \Cheese.
What \meat do you like best? \Lamb.
How \old are you? \Twenty.
Will you \send it to me? \Gladly, madam.
How ˙much do they \cost? \Ninepence.
Which is the nearest \tube station? \Paddington.
Which ˙firm painted \John’s house? \Watson and Sons did it, I gather.
What are you studying \this year? Psy\chology.
Can you see him /now? Of \course I can.
How ˙much is he \charging? A \pound, I think.
Where will you be at eight o’\clock? At a com\mittee meeting, unfortunately.
How do I \look? You’ve ıı got a \smut on your nose.
When will it be \finished? ıı Next \Wednesday.
ıı What’s the ıı house \like? It’s ıı not \large enough.
What would you like for \dinner? I ıı don’t \ know.
Why have you \come? I ıı want to \talk to you.

 

QUESTIONS.

Verbal context Drill
He simply must \go. \When?
Borrow someone’s \dictionary. \Whose?
She’s got something in her \eye. \Which eye?
I’ve ııasked him \several times. \How many times?
I think you’ll \like it. \Will I?
They ııwon’t ııeven \try. \Won’t they?
I’m going to \Paris to/morrow. \Are you, indeed?
If only the \weather had been better. \Miserable, | \wasn’t it?
You’ll find it in the \drawer. In \which drawer?
You’ll have to make it your\self. Just \how, if I may ask?
I can’t ˙manage \Monday. Would \Tuesday be more convenient?
He says he’s \ill. Is he \really ill?
\I’ll ııshow you ııhow to /work with it. Now \aren’t you kind!
I æcan’t come this \ /evening. Why ııever \not?
Can you lend me some /money? ııWhat do you \want it for?
Which road shall we \take? ııWhich is the \quicker?
We shall have to take a \taxi. But ııcan we af\ford it?
I’m afraid I’m \busy on /Tuesday. ııCould we ıımeet on \Wednesday perhaps?
I ııdon’t know \what to tell Jean. ııNeed we ııtell her \anything?

 

COMMANDS.

Verbal context Drill
Would you ˙mind calling your \dog? \Here.
Shall we ˙have a/nother ˙game? \Let’s.
How can I get in \touch with Miles? \Phone him.
What delicious looking \grapes! \Have a few.
ııWhat shall I \do with these figures? Di\vide them.
Johnnie’s been pulling my \hair. Now \stop it, you two.
æThese ˙tunes ˙don’t æsound ˙very \ /different. Well ex\aggerate them.
æFriday’s more conævenient than \ /Thursday. ııCome on \Friday, then.
I don’t think I’ll \take your advice. ııDon’t ııblame ııme if you ııget into \trouble then.
How can I keep the children \busy? ııGet them to ııtidy up the \garden for you.

 

INTERJECTIONS.

Verbal context Drill
Your very ˙good \health. \Cheers!
¯Let’s /go, | /shall we? \Right!
Would you like an /apple? \Thank you.
He’ll be with you on \ Friday. \Splendid!
I believe he’s \finished the job. At \last!
Did you lock the back /door? Of \course!
What do you think of \my garden? ııPretty \good.
I can ælend you the ˙money \ /next month. A ıılot of ııuse it’ll ııbe \then!

 




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