Properties of GP

GP have a grate molecular mass, high viscosity, have acid properties, precipitated in acid medium, thermostable, stable to ferments because carbohydrate part. The functions of glycoproteins in the human are of great interest. Glycoproteins in cell membranes may have an important role in the group behavior of cells and other important biological functions of the membrane. Glycoproteins form a major part of the mucous that is secreted by epithelial cells, where they perform an important role in lubrication and in the protection of tissues lining the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. Many other proteins secreted from cells into extracellular fluids are glycoproteins. These proteins include hormones found in blood, such as-follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and chorionic gonadotropin; and plasma proteins such as the orosomucoids, ceruloplasmin, plasminogen, prothrombin, and immunoglobulins.

The amount of carbohydrates in glycoproteins is highly variable. Some glycoproteins such as IgG contain low amounts (4%) of carbohydrate by weight, while glycophorin, the human red cell membrane glycoprotein, contains 60% carbohydrate. Human ovarian cyst glycoprotein contains 70% carbohydrate, and human gastric glycoprotein is 82% carbohydrate. The carbohydrate can be distributed along the polypeptide chain or concentrated in defined regions. For example, in human glycophorin A the carbohydrate is found in the NH₂-terminal half of the polypeptide chain that lies on the outside of the cellular membrane.

True GP Proteoglycans

Irregular simple simple protein regular carbohydrates

Carbohydrates protein

<== попередня сторінка	\|	наступна сторінка ==>
Table 2 Composition of the free (transport) lipoproteins in plasma of human	\|	True (proper) GP

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