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Secondary Education

Today secondary education in Great Britain is mainly provided by several types of schools: secondary modern schools, grammar schools specialist schools and (now predominant) comprehensive schools.

The Secondary Modern School is attended by pupils between the ages of eleven and sixteen. It is a state school with practical trend. Such courses as secretarial, trade and commerce, agriculture are taught there. These schools are well equipped with workshops.

The Secondary Grammar School is attended by pupils between the ages of 11 and 16 or 18 years old. Some of them are state schools and some are private. Most of them specialize in two sides: ancient languages, Greek and Latin, history, and philosophy(a classical side) and modern languages, science and geography(modern side). Among the private grammar schools there are some very old and famous ones such as Eton, Harrow, Rugby and Winchester. These are mainly boarding establishments(student study and live there) so they have a deep and lasting influence on their leavers and cultivate a ‘team-spirit”.

Secondary Modern and Grammar schools take pupils after a strict selection procedures (exams) at the age of 11.

The Specialist Schools program in England was started in 1993 and these are state schools. They specialize in technology, science and mathematics, modern foreign languages, sports and arts.

Comprehensive schools are state schools which combine three types of schools: grammar school, secondary modern school and specialist school. These schools take pupils without reference to their abilities. Pupils study according to the general program till the age of 13 or 15, after that they have special courses depending on their inclination.

Under the new national Curriculum a great emphasis is laid on science and technology. Accordingly, ten subjects have to be studied: three 'core subjects': English, science, mathematics and seven 'foundation subjects' such as history, geography, a modern foreign language, technology, music, art and physical education.

School year is usually divided into three terms with holidays at Christmas, Easter and for a month of August. In addition there is normally a mid-term one week holiday, known as a ‘half-term’. Classes of pupils are called forms and are numbered from one to six beginning with the first form. Passage from one form to the next one is automatic. At the age of 14 pupils are tested in ‘core’ and ‘foundation’ subjects. At the same age (in the 3^rd or 4^th form) pupils begin to choose their exam subjects and work for two years to prepare for their General Certificate of Secondary Education(GCSE). The GCSE can be taken in a range of subjects, usually five in number. The exams are usually taken in the 5^th form at the age of 16. Marks are given separately and are graded from A to G (grades A,B,C are considered to be ‘good’ marks).

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