Food packaging types

Primary packaging is the main package that holds the food that is being processed. Secondary packaging combines the primary packages into one box being made. Tertiary packaging combines all of the secondary packages into one pallet.

There are also special containers that combine different technologies for maximum durability:

· Bags-In-Boxes (used for soft drink syrup, other liquid products, and meat products)

· Wine box (used for wine)

Packaging machines

A choice of packaging machinery includes technical capabilities, labor requirements, worker safety, maintainability, serviceability, reliability, ability to integrate into the packaging line, capital cost, floor space, flexibility (change-over, materials, etc.), energy usage, quality of outgoing packages, qualifications (for food, pharmaceuticals, etc.), throughput, efficiency, productivity, ergonomics, etc.

Packaging machines may be of the following general types:

· Blister, Skin and Vacuum Packaging Machines

· Capping, Over-Capping, Lidding, Closing, Seaming and Sealing Machines

· Cartoning machines

· Case and Tray Forming, Packing, Unpacking, Closing and Sealing Machines

· Check weighing machines

· Cleaning, Sterilizing, Cooling and Drying Machines

· Conveying, Accumulating and Related Machines

· Feeding, Orienting, Placing and Related Machines

· Filling Machines: handling liquid and powdered products

· Package Filling and Closing Machines

· Form, Fill and Seal Machines

· Inspecting, Detecting and Checkweighing Machines

· Palletizing, Depalletizing, Pallet Unitizing and Related Machines

· Product Identification: labelling, marking, etc.

· Wrapping Machines

· Converting Machines

· Other speciality machinery

Reduced packaging and sustainable packaging are becoming more frequent. The motivations can be government regulations, consumer pressure, retailer pressure, and cost control. (Reduced packaging often saves packaging costs.)

In the UK, A Local Government Association survey produced by the British Market Research Bureau, compared a range of outlets to buy 29 common food items, found that small local retailers and market traders "produced less packaging and more that could be recycled than the larger supermarkets."

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