II. Attributive appositive clauses.

Attributive appositive clauses disclose the meaning of the antecedent, which is expressed by an abstract noun. An attributive appositive clause is not separated from the principal clause by a comma.

Appositive clauses are chiefly introduced by the conjunction that, occasionally by the conjunction whether, if, as if, as though or by the adverbs how and why. They are not joined to the principal clause asyndetically.

The question whether it was he or his enemy was hotly discussed.

She had a strange sensation as if something had happened.

Andrew had a warm desire that the conversation might continue.

The question how and why those people got the information still worried him.

Adverbial clauses

An adverbial clause performs the function of an adverbial modifier. It can modify a verb, an adjective or an adverb in the principal clause.

According to their meaning we distinguish the following types of adverbial clauses: time clauses, conditional clauses, purpose clauses, reason clauses, result clauses, concessive clauses, place clauses, clauses of manner and clauses of comparison.

Non-finite structures can also perform some functions of adverbial clauses.

The usual position for an adverbial clause in a complex sentence is just after a main (principal) clause.

I couldn't think of a single thing to say after he'd replied like that.

The performances were cancelled because the leading man was ill.

However most types of adverbial clauses can be put in front of a main clause.

When the city is dark, we can move around easily.

Although crocodiles are inactive for long periods, on occasion they can run very fast indeed.

Occasionally, an adverbial clause can be put in the middle of another clause, although this is unusual.

They make allegations which, when you analyse them, do not have too many facts behind them.

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Attributive clauses	\|	Adverbial clauses of result

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