Grammatical meaning

• a general, abstract meaning which characterizes a certain grammatical class of words and is invariably associated with a certain grammatical form.

• If the lexical meaning of the word is rooted in its stem, the grammatical meaning relies mostly on the grammatical affixes of the word form.

• Grammatical meaning

• is highly generalized; the number of grammatical meanings is limited;

• is dependent (expressed only together with the lexical meaning):Lishes rop pibs;

• is relative (revealed only in relation of the given word form to the other forms of the same word): walks — a walk walks — walked

Grammatical category – a generalized grammatical meaning revealed through the opposition of grammatical forms representing the particular meanings of the category. Room^-- (Sg) vs rooms⁺ (Pl)(categorial forms of the category of Number)

• neutralization - unmarked member expressing the meaning of the marked one;

• transposition - marked member in the meaning of the unmarked one (stylistically marked): You are always interfering!

Features of grammatical categories:

• A grammatical category should be represented by at least two categorial forms.

• One word form can represent different grammatical categories (boys' – Pl, Poss.).

• One word form can express only one grammatical meaning of a certain category (boys is only Pl, but never Sg and Pl at the same time).

• One particular grammatical meaning cannot be expressed in all the forms of the word. Part of the paradigm should represent the opposite grammatical meaning of the category. Otherwise the category is lexico-grammatical.

<== попередня сторінка	\|	наступна сторінка ==>
Played smiled brought spoke	\|	Structure of words. Types of morphemes.

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