Criteria applied to formal / functional parts of speech

• Categorial meaning:

Article — specification of the noun;

Preposition— relations between Ns and other wds;

Conjunction — connection of wds and phrases;

Interjection — expressing emotions;

Particle— specification and limitation of meaning

• Syntactic characteristics (combinability)

PRONOUN

• Pronouns have no referential meaning. Their lexico-grammatical meaning is deixis — indication, pointing to things and properties.

• The morphological and syntactic criteria – are different in different subgroups of pronoun.

• Noun pronouns (personal, indefinite, absolute possessive) and adjective pronouns (demonstrative, relative, conjoint possessive, indefinite).

I. OPEN-CLASS NOTIONAL WORDS

• Content words:names of substances (Nouns), processes (Verbs) and properties (Adjectives & Adverbs);

• Autonomous and autosemantic;

Constitute over 90 per cent of vocabulary.

II. CLOSED-SYSTEM PRO-WORDS (structural: intermediary between notional and functional):

• Pronouns — function like / instead of nouns or adjectives;

• pronominal adverbs (here,there, now, then) — deictic meaning;

• numerals— function like nouns (cardinal)or adjectives (ordinal).

III. CLOSED-SYSTEM FUNCTIONAL WORDS (synsemantic and syntagmatic)

• Meaning: semi-notional;

• Combinability: obligatory;

• Syntactic function: linkers / connectors (Prp, Conj) or specifyers (Art, Particle, etc.)

<== попередня сторінка	\|	наступна сторінка ==>
Criteria classification	\|	Notional and Functional Classes of Words

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