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РЕЗОЛЮЦІЯ: Громадського обговорення навчальної програми статевого виховання ЧОМУ ФОНД ОЛЕНИ ПІНЧУК І МОЗ УКРАЇНИ ПРОПАГУЮТЬ "СЕКСУАЛЬНІ УРОКИ" ЕКЗИСТЕНЦІЙНО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ОСНОВИ ПОРУШЕННЯ СТАТЕВОЇ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ ПІДЛІТКІВ Батьківський, громадянський рух в Україні закликає МОН зупинити тотальну сексуалізацію дітей і підлітків Відкрите звернення Міністру освіти й науки України - Гриневич Лілії Михайлівні Представництво українського жіноцтва в ООН: низький рівень культури спілкування в соціальних мережах Гендерна антидискримінаційна експертиза може зробити нас моральними рабами ЛІВИЙ МАРКСИЗМ У НОВИХ ПІДРУЧНИКАХ ДЛЯ ШКОЛЯРІВ ВІДКРИТА ЗАЯВА на підтримку позиції Ганни Турчинової та права кожної людини на свободу думки, світогляду та вираження поглядів Контакти
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THE INFINITIVE• dual lexico-grammatical meaning of an action presented as a substance; • can combine with the ‘particle’ to; • the categories of Voice, Aspect, Order: to write – to be written to write – to be writing to write – to have written • combinability: - verb-like: N+Inf, Inf+N, Inf+Av - noun-like:Inf+Vb, Vb+Inf, Link+Inf - with modal verbs - auxiliary verbs (to build analytical forms). • syntactic functions of the Subject, Object, Predicative (Subject Complement), Attribute, Adverbial. The word morpheme (auxiliary) to: • does not possess the lexico-grammatical meaning of emphatic specification; • has no lexical meaning; • combines only with the Infinitive. • can represent the whole analytical form: Will you go? – I shall. - I want to. • can be separated from the Infinitive (split Infinitive): Time has come to strongly condemn … Forms of Infinitive • to+Infinitive – an analytical form (the marked Infinitive) • is closer to the nominal parts of speech (performs the syntactic functions of the noun) • Bare Infinitive / Semifinitive(полуинфинитив) • functionally closer to the finite forms (it does not perform the syntactic function typical of the nominal parts of speech) • functions as part of a modal predicate The Gerund is a non-finite form of the V which like the inf combines the properties of the V with those of the N & primarily serves as a verbal name of the process. It’s characterized by the categories of order (asking – having asked) & voice (being asked). The theoretical problem – half G – is related to ing-form in general. THE GERUND • dual lexico-grammatical meaning of an action represented as a substance; • formed by the group morpheme –ing; • has the categories of Voiceand Order: reading – being read reading – having read reading – having been read • combinability verb-like: G+Av, N+G, G+N; noun-like: Prp+G, Poss+G, Vb+G, G+Vb • syntactic functions of the Subject, Object, Predicative, Attribute, Adverbial. The Infinitive and the Gerund Compared Infinitive • closer to the verb; • was drawn into the verbal system much earlier than the Gerund: lost many of its nominal features and acquired more verbal features: • possesses a peculiar modal force : – This is a kind of world to be desired by all (that should be desired). -- the exercise to be done (that must be done). Gerund • closer to the noun • combines with Prp, N’s and Possessive Prns, the negative prn no (There is no pleasing you); • less oriented to the doer of the action: - I like singing (who sings?) - I like to sing (I sing) The Present Participle (P I) is a non-finite form of the V, combines the properties of a V with an adj\adv. It serves as a qualifying prossesual name. Its outer form – plane of expression – is homogeneous with the G ending –ing & distinguishing the same grammatical category of order, voice. It may combine with a N, proN as direct, indirect, prepositional Obj. It may also combine with an adverb or a prepositional phrase as an advl modifier, or with a N or adjective as a predicative. G & PI. Meaning: G – a verbal name of a process, is N-related; PI – a qualifying processual name. It’s adj\adv-related. Substitution: G is backed up by question procedure (what?) PI → adj\adv speaking names = vivid. Coordinative connection: G – with Ns, PI - with qualitative adj\stative. Conversion: G – the nounal conversion, PI – adjectival conversion. Different lexical combinability – for the G & PI of some Vs (a dancing hall\girl). Cases of categorical ambiguity – a swimming instructor.
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