• lexico-grammatical meaning of a process viewed as property of a substance or another process;
• formed with the help of the group suffix–ing, homonymous with that of the Gerund;
• has the categories of Voiceand Order (like then Gerund);
• combinability
verb-like: P+N, N+P, P+Av
adjective-like: N+P, Av+P
adverb-like: Vb+P
• performs the syntactic functions of the Attribute, Adverbial, Predicative;
• can be part of analytical forms.
V-ing
In some contexts the difference between Participle I andthe Gerund is neutralized:
– Do you mind my singing? – Gerund
– Do you mind me singing? – Participle I
– Do you mind her singing? - ?
The Past Participle (PII) ia a non-finite form of the V which combines the properties of the V with those of the adj. it serves as a qualifying processual name. The PII ia a single form, havinf no paradigm of its own.