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Lesson 25 Artillery Materiel and Missiles

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Artillery Materiel and Missiles

General

The mission of field artillery is to destroy, neutralize, or suppress the enemy by cannon, rocket, and missilefire and to help integrate all fire support assets into combined arms operations.

The field artillery system provides close support to manoeuvre forces, counterfire, and interdiction as required. These fires neutralize, canalize, or destroy enemy attack formations or defenses; obscure the enemy's vision or otherwise inhibit his ability to acquire and attack friendly targets; and destroy targets deep in the enemy rear with long-range rocket or missile fires. Field artillery support can range from conventional fires in a company zone tomassive nuclear and chemical fires across a corps front.

Field artillery delivery systems include cannons, rockets, and missiles. These systems can provide fires under all conditions of weather and in all types of terrain. They can shift and mass fires rapidly without having to displace. The extended ranges of rockets and missiles enable the commander to strike deep. The main components of a msl are: the warhead which contains a HE, chemical, or nuc charge and a fuse to initiate detonation. A combination of men and equipment necessary to make a msl wpn is called a missile system.

Artillery Weapons System

The artillery weapons system consists of all elements that are necessary to obtain the desired fire effect on the target. These elms include artillery weapons (classified as cannons and msls); target acquisition; survey; ballistics meteorology; mobility (both air and surface); logistics; fire control and coordination; automatic data processing; communications; ammo; org; and employment. Fire support is the result of effective application of the arty weapons system. Arty weapons systems are further classified according to their method of transportation. Towed cannons and launchers are mounted on a carriage designed to be moved by prime mover. A towed carriage doesn’t contain power source. Self-propelled cannons and launchers are permanently installed on vehicles which provide automotive power for the vehicle and the wpn.

Cannons

Cannons are those weapons, larger than SA, that discharge projectiles out of tubes by means of an explosive which may be separated from the proj, a part of the proj, or a combination of both. The cannon is an admirable weapon for tactical employment on land. It can go into actionquickly and deliver a high volume of effective fire. According to their firing characteristics cannons are divided into guns, howitzers, and mortars. Cannons are classified according to caliber as light(120 mm and less), medium(greater than 120 mm, but not to exceed 160 mm), heavy(greater than 160 mm, but not to exceed 210 mm),andvery heavy(greater than 210 mm).

The field gun is an artillery piece with calibre’s ranging from 75 to 150 mm and intended to support the troops on the battlefield. In principle, the field guns are assigned to the divisional artillery regiments. In general, guns from 150 mm onwards and howitzers above that calibre were not assigned to the divisional artillery but distributed in independent units (usually battalions). Their assignment was decided by a higher echelon than the division (army or army group). It made possible to boost firepower on sectors where it was most needed or to achieve a high fire concentration on strategic points.

The mortars are high-angle, relatively-short-range, high rate of fire, area-fire weapons. They are ideal weapons for attacking targets on reverse slopes, narrow gullies, ditches, in military operations on urban terrain, and in other areas that are difficult to reach with low-angle fire. However, ammunition-carrying capacity limits periods of firing. Mortars are especially effective for smoke and illumination missions.

The howitzer is cannon with a medium length barrel between that of a mort and a gun in length with a relatively high angle of fire, moderately curved trajectory, and using a medium muzzle velocity. The main parts of gun or how are the barrel assemblywith the breech mechanism and the carriage. The breech mechanism permits opening and closing of the rear of the barrel for loading and firing. The recoil mechanism is required to cushion the shock to avoid displacement of the carriage.

Missiles are wpns which utilize a reaction motor to provide a propelling force to the payload. Artillery missiles are classified according to type as rocket and guided missiles.

Ballistic missiles

A ballistic missile is a missile that has a ballistic trajectory over most of its flight path, regardless of whether or not it is a weapon-delivery vehicle. Ballistic missiles are categorized according to their range, the maximum distance measured along the surface of the earth's ellipsoid from the point of launch of a ballistic missile to thepoint of impact of the last element of its payload.

Ballistic missiles are divided into four range classes in the United States:

Most current long-range missiles consist of two or more rockets or stages that are stacked on top of each other. The second stage is on top of the first, and so on. The first stage is the one that lifts the missile off the launch pad and is sometimes known also as a "booster" or "main stage". When the first stage runs out of propellant or has reached the desired altitude and velocity, its rocket engine is turned off and it is separated so that the subsequent stages do not have to propel unnecessary mass. Many different types of rocket engines have been designed or proposed among them: solid-propellant rocket engine, liquid-propellant rocket, hybrid rocket engine. There are three categories of chemical propellants for rocket engines: liquid propellant, solid propellant, and hybrid propellant.

1. What is the mission of field artillery?

2. Can field artillery deliver nuclear fire?

3. What main comps of a missile do you know?

4. What does the artillery weapons system consist of?

5. What is a cannon?

6. What is the difference between a gun, a howitzer, and a mortar?

7. What is a ballistic missile?

8. What is the classification of ballistic missiles?

arty; msl; rkt; nuc; msl sys; arty wpns sys; lchr; traj; SP; mort; how; GM; ICBM; IRBM; MRBM; SRBM; MOUT

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Translate into Ukrainian

Artillery; missile; rocket; close support; missile fire; warhead; nuclear; artillery weapons system; artillery weapon; towed; primer mover; self-propelled; tactical employment; gun; mortar; medium cannon; very heavy cannon; high-angle of fire; area-fire; muzzle velocity; breech mechanism; payload; trajectory; point of impact; medium-range ballistic missile; long-range missile; stage; rocket engine; liquid-propellant rocket engine; liquid propellant; hybrid propellant; massive nuclear and chemical fire; under all conditions of weather and in all types of terrain; to go into action; to be assigned to sth; combined arms operation; long-range rocket; missile weapon; survey; automatic data processing; self-propelled cannon; fire support; firing characteristics; assignment; attacking targets on reverse slope; low-angle fire; smoke and illumination missions; reaction motor; component; surface of the earth's ellipsoid; ditch; to integrate all fire support assets; to obscure the enemy's vision; to acquire and attack friendly targets; to obtain the desired fire effect; to discharge projectile; to cushion the shock; to provide a propelling force; to lift the missile off.

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Translate into English

Матеріальна частина артилерії; артилерійська гармата; контрбатарей­ний вогонь; звичайний вогонь (неядерний); засіб доставки зброї до цілі польової артилерії; запальник; ракетний комплекс; артилерійська система; керування та координація вогню; пускова установка; лафет; ствол (гармати); висока щільність дійсного вогню; гаубиця; легка гармата; важка гармата; артилерійська гармата; висока швидкострільність; крута траєкторія; ствол у зборі; механізм поглинання віддачі; керована ракета; траєкторія польоту; балістична ракета середньої дальності; балістична ракета малої дальності; стартовий двигун; пусковий майданчик; ракетний двигун на твердому паливі; комбінований ракетний двигун; тверде реактивне пальне; подавляти, обмежувати пересування чи знищувати бойові порядки противника в наступі чи в обороні; знищувати цілі глибоко в тилу противника; запалювати детонатор; підтримувати війська на полі бою; досягати найбільшого зосередження вогню на стратегічно важливих пунктах; загородження; ротна смуга; розвідка цілі; метеорологічна підготовка стрільби; пускова установка на механічній тязі; обладнання місцевості; силова установка; дивізійний артилерійський полк; вища інстанція; глибокий яр; боєкомплект; задня частина ствола; засіб доставки боєприпасів до цілі; місце запуску; рухомість; ведення бойових дій в міських умовах; забезпечувати безпосередню підтримку ударної групи; виключати можливість; наносити удар у глибину бойових порядків противника; встановлюватися на лафеті; встановлювати; підвищити вогневу міць на ділянках; уникати переміщення лафета; розташовувати один над одним; досягати бажаної висоти та швидкості.

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Translate quickly

Artillery; матеріальна частина артилерії; missile; керована ракета; cannon; некерована ракета; counterfire; безпосередня підтримка; conventional fire; вогонь зенітно-ракетних засобів; field artillery delivery system; бойова частина ракети; fuse; ядерний; missile system; артилерійська система озброєння; artillery system; артилерійський бойовий засіб; fire control and coordination; причіпний; launcher; тягач; carriage; самохідний; tube; бойове застосування; high volume of effective fire; гармата; howitzer; міномет; light canon; гармата середнього калібру; heavy canon; гармата особливої потужності; artillery piece; стрільба при великих кутах піднесення; high rate of fire; вогонь по площадкових цілях; curving trajectory; початкова швидкість; barrel assembly; затворний механізм; recoil mechanism; корисне навантаження; guided missile; траєкторія; flight path; точка влучення; intermediate-range ballistic missile; балістична ракета середньої дальності; short-range ballistic missile; ракета великої дальності; booster; ступінь ракети; launch pad; ракетний двигун; solid-propellant rocket engine; ракетний двигун на рідкому паливі; hybrid rocket engine; рідке реактивне пальне; solid propellant; комбіноване реактивне пальне; to neutralize, canalize, or destroy enemy attack formations or defenses; масований вогонь із застосуванням ядерної зброї та хімічних боєприпасів; to destroy targets deep in the enemy rear; за будь-яких погодних умов та місцевості; to initiate detonation; вступати в бій; to support the troops on the battlefield; об’єднати всі засоби вогневої підтримки; to provide close support to maneuver force; ускладнювати проведення спостереження противнику; to acquire and attack friendly targets; наносити удар у глибину бойових порядків противника; to obtain the desired effect; встановлювати на лафеті; to discharge projectiles; підвищити вогневу міць на ділянках; to cushion the shock; уникати переміщення лафету; to provide a propelling force; розташовувати один над одним; to lift the missile off; досягати бажаної висоти та швидкості; combined arms operation; загородження; long-range rocket; ротна смуга; target acquisition; артилерійська інструментальна розвідка; ballistic meteorology; автоматична обробка даних; organization; вогнева підтримка; power source; вогневі характеристики; divisional artillery regiment; призначення (на посаду); attacking targets on reverse slope; настильний вогонь; ammunition-carrying capacity; задня частина ствола; component; поверхня земного еліпсоїду; mobility; рів; military operations on urban terrain.

artillery

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