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COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

Uncountable nouns:

A. 1. Names of substances considered generally:

bread coffee dust glass ice oil paper soap water wood etc.

2. Abstract nouns:

advice experience horror pity

beauty fear information relief

courage help knowledge suspicion

death hope mercy work

3. Also considered uncountable in English:

accommodation furniture scenery shopping

baggage luggage traffic weather

behaviour permission travel

camping parking work

B. Uncountable nouns are always singular and are not used with a/an. These
nouns are often preceded by some, any, no, a little etc. or by nouns such as
bit, piece, slice etc. + of:

a bit of news a grain of sand

a bar(cake) of soap a piece of advice

a drop of oil a sheet of paper

C. Many of these nouns can be used either countable or uncountable but with
some difference in meaning:

paper I bought a paper (=a newspaper).

I bought some paper to write on.

hair There’s a hair in my soup! (=one single hair)

She has beautiful hair.

experienceWe had many interesting experiences during our holiday.
(= things that happened to us)

You need experience for this job. (=knowledge of something because you have done it before)

D. Remember these things:

travelonly has a general meaning (‘the activity of travelling in general’); a
particular movement from one place to another is called a journey or a trip:

I like travel. but How was your journey?

Note these pairs of countable and uncountable nouns:

I’m looking for a job. I’m looking for work.

What a lovely view! What lovely scenery!

Exercise 22. What have the following groups of words got in common? (We are concerned with grammar rather than with meaning.) Translate the words into Russian / Ukrainian.

1. information luggage news advice furniture

2. family council committee crowd government staff the public

3. customs minutes outskirts thanks lodgings

4. bread rice ink wool iron sugar salt wood

5. knickers trousers tweezers binoculars pyjamas scissors

Exercise 23. Explain the difference between the following pairs of words and use them in sentences of your own.

A. 1. air – an air 11. nature – a nature

2. beauty – a beauty 12. oak – an oak

3. coffee – a coffee 13. paper – a paper

4. cloth – a cloth 14. play – a play

5. dinner – a dinner 15. power – a power

6. fire – a fire 16. rubber – a rubber

7. glass – a glass 17. ice – an ice

8. language – a language 18. stone – a stone

9. lemon – a lemon 19. study – a study

10. light – a light 20. will – a will

B. 1. chicken – a chicken 10. speech – a speech

2. experience – an experience 11. sport – a sport

3. grammar – a grammar 12. success – a success

4. hair – a hair 13. time – a time

5. iron – an iron 14. wood – a wood

6. lace – a lace 15. work – a work

7. life – a life 16. whisky – a whisky

8. room – a room 17. fish – a fish

9. sight – a sight 18. fruit – a fruit

Exercise 24. Comment on the nouns in bold type; translate them into Russian / Ukrainian.

l. Harrods has so much to offer. Vintage wines and sparkling champagne, rustic country pates and silky smooth terrines, delicate scented teas and subtle infusions, buttery shortbread biscuits and rich fruity jams, robust pickles and tangy relishes, mature farmhouse cheddarsand crumbly stiltons, hams and smoked salmon which melts in the mouth – all presented in traditional wicker baskets or Harrods boxes. The only thing Harrods can't supply is the weather! 2. Good wines are the best buys before Christmas. 3. I dropped in at the supermarket and bought a few cold meats, and I also made a salad. 4. Fruit juicesare ideal in hot weather. 5. My Granny makes four jams every year. 6. I used to eat toast with orange marmalade. 7. France has an excellent range of cheeses. 8. A set menu in this Chinese cafe consists of four soups. I prefer aSingaporean seafood soup. It tastes and smells terrific. 9. Herbal teasare my favourite. 10. This shop sells fine foods. 11. The finest rumscome from Puerto Rico. 12. I always have a beer while watching television. 13. Can I offer you something? Coffee, tea, a soda, perhaps? 14. Tea is our most social and sociable drink – a part of our daily life for well over 300 years.

Exercise 25. Choose the appropriate noun from the list below for each sentence. Add an article (a/an/the) or plural (s/es) where necessary.

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