• Гідрологія і Гідрометрія
• Господарське право
• Економіка будівництва
• Економіка природокористування
• Економічна теорія
• Земельне право
• Історія України
• Кримінально виконавче право
• Медична радіологія
• Методи аналізу
• Міжнародне приватне право
• Міжнародний маркетинг
• Основи екології
• Предмет Політологія
• Соціальне страхування
• Технічні засоби організації дорожнього руху
• Товарознавство продовольчих товарів

The brief content of the lecture

I. ICAO was formed in 1947, after ratification Convention, adopted in 1944 in Chicago. Aims of the ICAO are provision of security development of the Civil Aviation. ICAO elaborated system of international standards and rules:

- Elaboration of principles and techniques of international air lines;

- Development of international air transportation;

- Provision by security, regular, effective air transportation;

- Giving possibilities for foundation own international air transport enterprises;

- Provision of the ICAO’s members by equal rights;

- Assistance to the flying security on international airlines;

- Encouragement of construction and exploitation of airlines;

- Creation of airlines, airports and air navigation equipments.

188 states are members of the ICAO.

ICAO adopted some agreements about international air transportation: Geneva Convention (1948) – recognition rights on airlines; Rome Convention (1952) – compensation on air accidents and so on.

Structure:

Assembly is a high body of the ICAO, consists of all members and is convoked 1 time in 3 years. Each state has one vote. Decision adopts by simple majority. Assembly defines ICAO principles, adopts budget on 3 years, and controls technical, economic and legal activity.

Council is an executive body of the ICAO, and consists of 33 states representatives, elected by Assembly due to next rules;

- states with developed air transport and air lines;

- states no include to the first group, but provided by material base international civil aviation;

- states, no include to the first and second group, but present of these necessary for proportional geographical distribution votes in Council.

Duty of the Council is improving of international standards and recommendations. Council manages by the ICAO, forms and controls technical Committees, assists to developing states, elects a President, assigns Secretary General, manages by finance and etc.

Head-Quarter of the ICAO is situated in Montreal. Regional Bureaus are in Bangkok, Cairo, Dakar, Lima, Mexico, Nairobi and Paris.

Secretariat manages by Secretary General and consists of 5 committees: Air navigation, Air transport, Technical cooperation, Administrative, Legal.

II. International Maritime Organization (IMO)was formed in 1958, due to Convention, elaborated in 1948 by Maritime Conference in Geneva and it was called “Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative organization” till 1982. 164 states are members of the IMO. More 40 conventions, concerning maritime security, sea pollution and others were adopted by the IMO.

Conventions on Security:

- International Convention on protection of human life on sea;

- International Convention about transport brand;

- Convention about international rules, warning maritime collisions;

- Convention about organization of sputnik system for maritime navigation;

- International Convention about fishing boats security;

- International Convention about search and rescuing on sea.

Convention on prevention pollutions:

- Convention about interference in open sea, concerning sea pollution by oil;

- Convention about prevention pollution by waste and other materials.

Conventions on responsibility:

- Convention on civil responsibility for maritime transportation of splintering materials;

- Convention about civil responsibility for damage by oil pollution.

Conventions on navigation:

- Convention on easing of international navigation;

- Convention about struggle against illegal acts, navigation security.

Structure of the IMO:

Assembly is a high Body of the IMO. Assembly meets one time in 2 years. Assembly adopts program and budget, elects members of the Council and confirms Secretary General candidature.

Council consists of 32 states representatives, elect on 2 years due to next principles:

8 – most interested international sea transportation;

8 – most interested in International sea trade;

6 – interested in sea navigation, simultaneously provided representations in all world regions.

Council is a main Executive Body, meets twice in year, and between Assembly sessions. It coordinates IMO organs activity, considers programs and budget, assigns Secretary General.

Committees:

1. Committee on Security on the sea;

2. Committee on legal problems;

3. Committee on technical cooperation;

4. Committee on easing of international navigation/

Secretariat headed by Secretary General and consists of 6 divisions:

- Ship Security;

- Environmental Security;

- Legal problems and International Relations;

- Technical cooperation;

- Management.

IMO realizes such projects as: World Maritime University in Malma (Sweden), Maritime Transport Academy of the IMO in Trieste (Italy), Maritime Transport Academy of the IMO and International Maritime Law Institute in La-Valletta (Malta).

IMO cooperates with Intergovernmental International Organizations (CARICOM, Danube Commission, Council of Europe, Commonwealth of Nations, EU, League of Arabian states).

III. UPU was established in 1874 due to Bern Convention (Treaty about foundation of World Postal Union). In 1878 was renamed on the UPU. 189 states are members of the UPU. System of agreements is a legal base of organization and consists of Charter, Regulations, and Universal Postal Convention. Facultative agreements concern other kinds of postal services – parcels, postal order and etc.

Activity principles of the UPU:

- state-members form unique postal territory “Universal Postal Union” for mutual correspondence exchange;

- free correspondence postage all over UPUs territory guaranteed.

Aims of the UPU:

- encouragement communications between states, by provision effective postal services;

- technical assistance of postal service.

Structure:

Congress is a High Body of the UPU and convokes one time in 5 years. Congress revises agreement system of the UPU, confirms Program and budget on 5 years, elects Principle General.

Executive Council consists of 40 members, elected by Congress due to geographical principle. Council meets one time in year and provides UPU business between Congresses.

Consultative Council on Postal investigations consists of 95 members, elected by Congress, investigates technical, economic problems, technical assistance, professional training, prepares reports, which published in the UPU press and editions.

International Bureau is a Secretariat of the UPU and headed by Principle General, provides connections, information and consultation of postal administration, prepares Congresses, export conclusions on discussing problems.

French is an official language.

IV. WTO was formed in 1975. WTO adopted next declarations:

- Manila Declaration about Tourism in the world (1980);

- Charter on Tourism and Tourist Behavior Code (Sofia,1985);

- Hague Declaration on Tourism (1989).

Aims of the WTO:

- Encouragement of tourism as mean of economic development and international mutual understanding for provision peace, respect of human rights, doesn’t discriminate to race, national or ethnic origin, religion or language.

Participants:

- Real members – 140 states;

- Associated members – 7 states;

- Joining members – Vatican and Palestinian Autonomy.

General Assembly is a High Body of the WTO, consists of Real members representative, and meets one time in two years.

State-members is divided into six regional Commissions: Africa, America, Eastern Asia and Pacific Ocean, Europe, Middle and Near East, Southern Asia.

Executive Council consists of 25 members.

Secretary General is elected by General Assembly.

Head-Quarter is situated in Spain

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